Extracellular Vesicles in Human Health and Diseases

This book reviews the physiological and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles (EV) of different cell types. The initial chapter of the book focuses on their evolution, physiological functions, inter- and intra-cellular communication, and their strategic applications in defining different health disorders including aging, pathogenicity, toxicity, and drug delivery. The chapter also provides an overview of recent technologies for EV isolation, analysis, and quantification. The chapter also examines the role of EVs in viral and bacterial pathogenesis and discusses the emerging potential of EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. It also discusses the emerging role of EVs including endosome-derived exosomes and fragments of the cellular plasma membrane in intercellular communication by transporting messenger RNA, microRNA (miRNA), and proteins. The book further explores the potential of membrane vesicles in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. This book address researchers, clinicians, and doctoral and graduate students working in cellular molecular biology, cancer biology, infectious diseases, molecular medicine, biomedicine, neurobiology, microbiology, and translational medicine.

Dr. Asit Ranjan Ghosh is a Professor (Higher Academic Grade) of the Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology of Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore since 2005. He has worked in the field of diarrheal and enteric infections since 1986 leading to Ph.D. with ICMR fellowships at the ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata (1986-1991) under the University of Calcutta, Kolkata with the understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and molecular epidemiology of major etiologies, for their better diagnosis to enhance the rate of recovery among hospitalized pediatric subjects, in community, related environmental intervention, vaccine development with experience in molecular microbiology and immunodiagnostics. He has earlier served as Scientist B and Scientist C in ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair between 1994-2003; Visiting Research Associate at Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA (1991-1993); Visiting Professor & COE Researcher at Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan (2003-2004); Assistant Director in Centre for Infectious Diseases and Control, VIT University (2010-2015). His recent focus of research is on Gut health infection, diagnosis, and control. Gastroenteritis is an event of infection but disease like irritable bowel syndrome is because of dysbiosis. In both cases, microbial populations, especially bacteria play a key role to maintain/ disturb homeostasis. Hence, host interaction with pathogens, commensals, and probiotics are the area of research to understand their common and special behavior and to find therapeutic solutions for the control of infection, inflammation, colon cancer, and obesity. He is a member of more than 10 national and international scientific bodies and a reviewer of several Scopus-indexed journals. He has more than 18 years of teaching experience inMicrobiology, Immunology, Immunotechnology, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Diagnostic Microbiology, Medical Biotechnology, Probiotics Technology, Food Nutrition, and Health. He has also published more than 120 research articles in peer-reviewed international journals and authored or co-authored 12 book chapters.