This textbook highlights the fundamentals, applications and research frontiers of the civil-use non-power nuclear technology, especially the radioisotopes and radiation technology. The wide scope of applications and the active research in the subject field calls for a comprehensive textbook that not only explains the basic principles but also links the fundamentals to the various application fields. The book systematically leads students from isotope preparation, to nuclear analysis, and to the civil applications in areas such as chemical engineering, agriculture, medicine, environmental protection and materials modification. The application in the energy field is briefly introduced. The book can be used as good teaching materials for upper undergraduate and graduate students in nuclear science and technology. It is also a handy reference book for researchers and engineers in the above mentioned fields.