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金石堂長期以來，隱喻只被認為是一種譬喻法，一種文學上的修辭技巧，然而這樣的想法，在仔細觀察生活週遭的語言使用後，很快就會被推翻。隱喻其實並不只是為潤飾而存在，它大量的存在於人類言談及思想中；我們習以為常的語言，其實反映了人類如何了解自己的語言與經驗。
隱喻是人類概念系統的一部分，許多我們思考的方式，我們所經驗的事物都是隱喻的某一種表徵；我們思考以及了解這個世界的方式，其實在某個層面上受到了限制，只是我們往往無所覺。本課程以日常生活的語言現象為基礎，藉由探索「隱喻」的本質與應用，帶領讀者一探人類思維模式的靈活運用，探索思想認知之奧秘，以及文化對人類思維模式的影響。
課程簡介
一、課程名稱：隱喻與認知
二、所屬領域：人文
三、學分數：2
四、任課教師：蘇以文
五、課程說明：
（一）本課程開授目的：本計畫擬透過開設通識課程的方式，以跨學科思考的方式帶領學生研討此經典之內容。本計畫擬由日常生活的語言現象為基礎，逐步帶領學生，進入人類思維模式及認知科學的世界。在1980所出版的Metaphors We Live By, Lakoff and Johnson為認知語言學的研究奠定了里程碑。我們希望藉此能使學生瞭解隱喻及思想的本質，及瞭解其在語言學及認知科學其他研究領域中的角色；使學生能瞭解語言及思想的譬喻性，及文化對人類思維模式的影響及互動關係。
（二）本課程共列11個講授單元，每一講授單元包括下列各項：
1. 講授內容摘要
2. 閱讀作業及思考問題
3. 參考讀物
4. 參考英語語料
六、教材：
Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
七、課程進度
第一講 隱喻與思維的本質
Ch1 Concepts We Live By
Ch2 The Systematicity of Metaphorical Concepts
Ch3 Metaphorical Systematicity: Highlighting and Hiding
第二講 概念的方位性與文化思維
Ch4 Orientational Metaphors
Ch5 Metaphor and Cultural Coherence
第三講 對實體的感知與思維
Ch6 Ontological Metaphors
Ch7 Personification
Ch8 Metonymy
第四講 概念系統的一致性
Ch9 Challenges to Metaphorical Coherence
Ch10 Some Further Examples
Ch11 The Partial Nature of Metaphorical Structuring
第五講 結構性隱喻、譬喻性思維、一般性思維及其經驗基礎
Ch12 How Is Our Conceptual System Grounded?
Ch13 The Grounding of Structural Metaphors
Ch14 Causation: Partly Emergent and Partly Metaphorical
第六講 概念性隱喻、思維建構及經驗整體性
Ch15 The Coherent Structuring of Experience
Ch16 Metaphorical Coherence
Ch17 Complex Coherence across Metaphors
第七講 概念結構及基礎理論
Ch18 Some Consequences for Theories of Conceptual Structure
第八講 隱喻、思維與意義
Ch19 Definition and Understanding
Ch20 How Metaphor Can Give Meaning to Form
Ch21 New Meaning
第九講 意義與真實
Ch22 The Creation of Similarity
Ch23 Metaphor, Truth, and Action
Ch24 Truth
第十講 語言：客觀還是主觀？
Ch25 The Myths of Objectivism and Subjectivism
Ch26 The Myth of Objectivism in Western Philosophy and Linguistics
Ch27 How Metaphor Reveals the Limitations of the Myth of Objectivism
Ch28 Some Inadequacies of the Myth of Subjectivism
第十一講 結語：語言與思維的經驗基礎
Ch29 The Experientialist Alternative: Giving New Meaning to the Old Myths
Ch30 Understanding
八 基本參考書
Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson 1980. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
九 課外閱讀參考書目
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．Bolinger, Dwight. 1977. Meaning and Form. London: Longman.
．Borkin, Ann. 1985. Problems in Form and Function. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
．Bybee, Joan. 1985. Morphology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
．Cienki, Alan (1999). Metaphors and cultural models as profiles and bases. In Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr., and Gerard J. Steen (eds.), Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics: Selected Papers from the Fifth International Cognitive Linguistics Conference, 189-203. Amsterdam/Philadelphia.
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．Jackendoff, Ray S. 1983. Semantics and Cognition－Chapter 1: Semantic Structure and Conceptual Structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT press, 3-22.
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．Johnson, Mark. 1987. The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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．Lakoff, George. 1972. Linguistics and Natural Logic. In Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman, (eds.), Semantics of Natural Language. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
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．Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1981. The metaphorical structure of the human conceptual system. In D.A. Norman, (ed.), Perspectives on Cognitive Science, 193-206. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
．Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1999. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books.
．Lakoff, George and Mark Turner. 1989. More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphors. Chicago: Chicago Press.
．Lakoff, George, and Rafael Nueez. 2000. Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being. New York: Basic Books.
．Montague, Richard. 1974. Formal Philosophy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
．Richards, I. A. 1936. The Philosophy of Rhetoric. London: Oxford University Press.
．Rosch, Eleanor. 1977. Human categorization. In N. Warren, (ed.), Advances in Cross-cultural Psychology. New York: Academic Press.
．Su, Lily I-wen. 1999a. To “run” a marriage: Conceptualization of marriage in current Chinese. AISB’99 Workshop on Metaphor, Artificial Intelligence & Cognition. Edinburgh University.
．──. 1999b. Thought as food: Conceptual metaphors in Chinese. Working Papers in Linguistic, Vol. 2 (Dec 1999), 199-224. National Taiwan University.
．──. 1999c. Metaphorical extension and lexical meaning. The 13th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information, and Computation. Taipei.
．──. 2002a. What can metaphor tell us about culture?” Language and Linguistics 3(3): 589-614, Taipei: Academia Sinica.
．── . 2002b. What can metaphor tell us about conceptuali- zation and culture? Proceedings of the Symposium on Selected NSC Projects on General Linguistics 1998- 2000. National Taiwan University, Taipei.
．Turner, Mark. 1987. Death Is the Mother of Beauty: Mind, Metaphor, Criticism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
．──. 1996. The Literary Mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
．Vosniadou, Stella. and Andrew. Ortony. 1989. Similarity and analogical reasoning: A synthesis. In Stella Vosniadon and Andrew Ortony, (eds.), Similarity and Analogical Reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
．Yu, Ning. 2001. What does our face mean to use Pragmatics & Cognition 9:1, 1–36.
．Yu, Ning. 2002. Body and emotion: Body parts in Chinese expression of emotion. In Nick Enfield and Anna Wierzbicka (eds.) The Body in Description of Emotion: Cross-Linguistic Studies, special issue of Pragmatics and Cognition 10(1/2): 341–367
作者簡介
蘇以文教授
乃夏威夷大學語言學博士，現任國立臺灣大學語言學研究所教授。目前的研究重點為言談分析、語用學及認知語言學，尤重人類思維在語言現象中的體現及其與文化之間的相關性。
