Part 1 入門篇
Chapter 1 媒體-基本句型 I
1-1兒童上網問題
應用句型:I agree. /I don’t agree.
我同意……/我不同意……
搭配口說主題:兒童上網問題
重點文法搶先看
‧ 主詞 (S) + 不及物動詞(Vi.)
‧ 主詞 (S)+ 及物動詞(Vt.)+ 受詞(O)
重要句型與文法放大鏡
‧ 主詞 (S) + 不及物動詞(Vi.)
英文中只有五大基本句型。也就是說所有的英文句子都能歸類於這五種之一。第一基本句型即是主詞加不及物動詞,「物」,就是受詞的意思,顧名思義,「不及物動詞」就是後面不接受詞的動詞,句子中只要有這兩個元素:主詞和不及物動詞,除了在文法上它是正確的句子,就語意而言,也是完整的句子。例如:我同意I agree.、 我不同意I disagree.,是文法上和語意都完整的句子。
其他的例子還有:Money talks. (金錢萬能)、Time flies. (時光飛逝)。這些句子都可以加上修飾語,如:I totally agree. 我完全同意。我們也可以將I agree. 說得再具體些,如:我同意你: I agree with you. 此時要加上介系詞 with。
注意介系詞的不同:
S + agree with人
S + agree to事/ to do sth. (sth.= something)
agree後面還可以加名詞子句(**一個動詞有多重身份並不奇怪**)例如:I agree that the Internet is very useful.(我同意網路非常有用。)這句的句型就成了主詞加及物動詞加受詞,也就是第二大基本句型,解析如下:
‧ 主詞(S)+ 及物動詞(Vt.)+ 受詞(O.)
「及物動詞」(Vt.)就是後面必須要接受詞的動詞。及物動詞就是後面要接受詞才能讓語意完整。給一個最簡單的例子:I love you. (我愛你。)。試想I love. 這句話是不是沒有說完的感覺呢?其他的例子還有:The children abandoned learning from printed books. (這些孩子們放棄了從紙本書籍學習。)
文法和口說應用大結合
以上文法和句型可以運用到TOEFL、NEW TOEIC 及IELTS考試上面,以下列的題目舉例:Track 01
There has been a tendency that children start going on the internet at younger ages. Some people think it is a good trend. Do you agree or disagree? Explain why.
小孩越來越早開始上網已經成為一個趨勢。有人認為這是一個好的趨勢。你同意或是不同意?請解釋理由。
高分範文:
I don’t agree. Personally, I don’t like children to use the Internet at a very young age, say, under seven. The main reason is that paper books would be forgotten and abandoned by children because they may be far less attractive to them. It would be dangerous if virtual materials replace printed books.
First of all, children would lose interests in learning from paper books when they are obsessed by the abundant sound and visual effects of online materials. If this were the case, they would lose the opportunities to learn from these printed materials.
Second, prolonged spending time on the computer or other electronic devices deteriorates eye sight. Third, the information is not always true in the Net. Besides, there are always some improper advertisements popping up. These are some of the reasons that I don’t agree children should use the internet when they are too young.
我不同意。我個人認為,我不喜歡小孩在很小的時候,像是小於七歲,開始使用網路。主要的原因是紙本書籍可能會被小孩遺忘或是遺棄,因為它們可能很不吸引孩子。如果虛擬的材料取代印刷的書籍,這將會是一件危險的事情。
首先,當孩子們著迷於網路材料豐富的聲光效果時,他們會失去從紙本書籍上學習的興趣。如果這是事實的話,他們將失去從這些印刷材料中學習的機會。
第二,長久花時間在電腦或是其他的電子設備上會損害視力。第三,在網路上的訊息並不一定是真實的。此外,總是會有一些不合適的廣告跳出來。這些是我不贊成小孩在太早的年紀使用網路的原因。
關鍵單字解密
1 manner n . 樣子、方式
2 comment on ph. 批評
3 base on ph. 基於
4 be misled ph. 被誤解
文法應用解析、深入應用補一補
1. Personally, I don’t like children to use the internet at a very young age, say, under seven.
解析
托福、雅思考題不可避免的,常常會問你個人的想法。除了用“I think…” 之外,還可以Personally的片語來表示:Personally,… 後面直接接你的論點。
其他應用1
Personally, it is beneficial for children to learn how to use the computer. (就個人而言,孩子們學習如何使用電腦是有益的。)
其他應用2
表示「我個人認為……」還可以用以下的片語來表示:Personally speaking, I suppose…= In my opinion, 後面直接接你的論點。提點:Personally speaking合起來就是以我個人而言……、以我個人來說……、以我之見……,也是表達個人的意見。suppose是假想、設想或是認為的意思。例:Personally speaking, I suppose the vast of knowledge can be gained just with a touch of a finger.(以我之見,我認為廣大的知識在指間一觸即得。)
2. Besides, there are always some improper advertisements popping up.
解析
提供更多的理由和補充說法時,可以用以下的單字或片語:Besides,... = In addition,... = Additionally,... = Moreover, 你的論點。
其它應用1
Besides, children can learn to be an independent learner through searching for information on their own. (此外,孩子可以經由自己搜尋資料而成為獨立的學習者。)
Part 1 入門篇
Chapter 4 重要句型、搭配主題、思考關鍵字整理
4-1 家庭/學校/社會教育
以下列的題目舉例:
‧ Which one is more important, family education or school education? 家庭教育或是學校教育哪一個比較重要?
‧ The influence of family/parents/school/society on children’s education. 談家庭/父母親/學校/社會對孩子教育的影響。
‧ Freedom to the media or censorship on the media? 媒體自由或媒體審查。(Ch1 1-5)
‧ 表達個人的想法的重要句型為:Personally, I would say
解析1:“Personally”,就個人而言。 “I would say (that)…” 此句型是比較客氣的說法,意思等同:「如果你問我意見,我會這麼說。」
應用1.1:Personally, I would say our government should increase censorship against the media. (Ch1 1-5) (就個人而言,我會說政府應該對媒體審查。《節選自Ch1 1-5 》)
應用1.2:Personally, I would say family education is more important than school education. The main reason is that family is the first unit that people encounter in their life. Therefore, family surely has a fundamental influence on individuals. (就個人而言, 我會說家庭教育比學校教育更重要。主要理由是,家庭是人們在人生當中所遇到的第一個單位。因此,家庭的確對個人有很根本的影響。)
‧ 表達個人的想法的其他可替換說法:In my opinion, I would say (that)….
解析2:opinion是意見的意思。In my opinion意思是以我的想法、以我之見,也就是表達個人的意見。
應用2.1:In my opinion, I would say that every newspaper has its own political agenda. (Ch1 1-2)(以我之見,我會說每家報紙都有自己的政治立場。《節選自Ch1 1-2 》)
應用2.2:In my opinion, I would say school education is more important. This may sound cruel, but not every parent knows how to be a good parent. School education then plays an extremely crucial part in such cases.(以我之見,學校教育更重要。接下來我要說的可能很殘酷:不是每位父母親都知道如何做好的父母親。此時學校教育就扮演了特別重要的角色。)
‧ 給理由的重要句型:The main reason is that+子句
解析3:除了用“because”來「給理由」之外,想拿高分的英文說法有:“The main reason is + that + 子句”(主要理由是……)。注意:我們在be動詞之後是用“that”而非“because”。
應用3.1:The main reason is that paper books would be forgotten and abandoned by children, because they may be far less attractive to them. (Ch1 1-1)(主要的原因是紙本書籍可能會被小孩遺忘或是遺棄,因為它們可能很不吸引孩子。《節選自Ch1 1-1》)
應用3.2:The main reason is that schools may not have as fundamental an influence as parents do. However, schools can help students who have difficult family situations. (主要理由是學校可能不如家長有根本的影響力。然而,學校可以幫助來自困難家庭的學生。)
‧ 給理由的重要句型:First of all、Firstly、First、In the first place(首先、第一點……)
解析4:在提供自己認為……的論點之後,你必須進一步解釋原因。第一點原因可用First of all、Firstly、 First、In the first place這些片語來起頭。
應用4.1:It would be dangerous if virtual materials replace printed books. First of all, children would lose interests in learning from paper books when they are obsessed by the abundant sound and visual effects of online materials. (Ch1 1-1)(首先,當孩子們著迷於網路材料豐富的聲光效果時,他們會失去從紙本書籍上學習的興趣。《節選自Ch1 1-1》)
應用4.2:I believe school education is much more important than family education. First of all, parents definitely have an impact on their children’s academic achievement. (我相信學校教育遠比家庭教育更重要。首先,父母親絕對能影響他們孩子的學術成就。)
‧ 給理由的重要句型:Second、Secondly、In the second place、Third、Thirdly、In the third place
解析5:接下來的第二個論點就可以用Second、Secondly、In the second place這些片語來開頭。第三點可以用 Third、Thirdly、In the third place來開頭。
應用5.1:Second, prolonged spending time on the computer or other electronic devices deteriorates eye sight. Third, the information is not always true in the Net. (Ch1 1-1) (第二,長久花時間在電腦或是其他的電子設備上會損害視力。第三,在網路上的訊息並不一定是真實的。《節選自Ch1 1-1》)
應用5.2:Secondly, parents have more power over their children’s education than schools do. Thirdly, habit formation usually starts at early age; once it is formed, schools cannot do much about changing it. (第二,父母親比學校有更多的力量掌管孩子的教育。第三,習慣的形成通常開始於幼年時;一旦形成,學校不能改變它太多。)
‧ 結論句的重要句型:These are some of the reasons that…
解析6:論述完畢之前,要有結尾,通常一句話就可以,如:These are some of the reasons that...(這些就是一些……的原因)。或These are some of the reasons that…(以上就是我……的理由)。提點:記得理由可不能只給一個喔!所以要用複數These are及reasons。如果你實在只有一個理由的話,只好用:This is the (main) reason that...「這就是(主要的)原因(單數)」,或者是:This is one of the reasons that...「這就是……的原因之一」的句型來表達。
應用 6.1:These are some of the reasons that I don’t agree that children should use the internet when they are too young.( Ch1 1-1)(這些是我不贊成小孩在太早的年紀使用網路的原因。《節選自Ch1 1-1》)
應用 6.2:These are some of the reasons that I believe parenting is more important than school education.(以上就是我認為父母的管教比學校教育重要的理由。)