The Modern Language Association, the authority on research and writing, takes a fresh look at documenting sources in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook. Works are published today in a dizzying range of formats. A book, for example, may be read in print, online, or as an e-book--or perhaps listened to in an audio version. On the Web, modes of publication are regularly invented, combined, and modified. Previous editions of the MLA Handbookprovided separate instructions for each format, and additional instructions were required for new formats. In this groundbreaking new edition of its best-selling handbook, the MLA recommends instead one universal set of guidelines, which writers can apply to any type of source.
Shorter and redesigned for easy use, the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook guides writers through the principles behind evaluating sources for their research. It then shows them how to cite sources in their writing and create useful entries for the works-cited list.
More than just a new edition, this is a new MLA style.
作者介紹
作者簡介
現代語言學會(Modern Language Association)創立於1883年,是美國主要服務語言及文學學者的專業協會。該協會致力於推動人文學科類學者的交流,每年主持年會和其他研討會、並支持人文類書籍的出版。多數語言及文學類的學術論文採用該協會的論文格式撰寫。該協會會員超過24,000名,遍布世界100個國家。
目錄
Foreword by Rosemary G. Feal vii
Preface by Kathleen Fitzpatrick ix
Part 1 Principles of MLA Style
Introduction 3
Why Document Sources? 5
Plagiarism and Academic Dishonesty 6
Think: Evaluating Your Sources 10
Select: Gathering Information about Your Sources 13
Organize: Creating Your Documentation 19
The List of Works Cited 20
The Core Elements 20
Author 21
Title of Source 25
Title of Container 30
Other Contributors 37
Version 38
Number 39
Publisher 40
Publication Date 42
Location 46
Optional Elements 50
In-Text Citations 54
Part 2 Details of MLA Style
Introduction 61
1. The Mechanics of Scholarly Prose 61
1.1 Names of Persons 61
1.1.1 First and Subsequent Uses of Names 61
1.1.2 Titles of Authors 62
1.1.3 Names of Authors and Fictional Characters 62
1.1.4 Names in Languages Other Than English 63
1.2 Titles of Sources 67
1.2.1 Capitalization and Punctuation 67
1.2.2 Italics and Quotation Marks 68
1.2.3 Shortened Titles 70
1.2.4 Titles within Titles 71
1.2.5 Titles of Sources in Languages Other Than English 72
1.3 Quotations 75
1.3.1 Use and Accuracy of Quotations 75
1.3.2 Prose 75
1.3.3 Poetry 77
1.3.4 Drama 80
1.3.5 Ellipsis 80
1.3.6 Other Alterations of Quotations 86
1.3.7 Punctuation with Quotations 87
1.3.8 Translations of Quotations 90
1.4 Numbers 92
1.4.1 Use of Numerals or Words 92
1.4.2 Commas in Numbers 92
1.4.3 Inclusive Numbers 93
1.4.4 Roman Numerals 93
1.5 Dates and Times 94
1.6 Abbreviations 95
1.6.1 Months 95
1.6.2 Common Academic Abbreviations 96
1.6.3 Publishers’ Names 97
1.6.4 Titles of Works 97
2. Works Cited 102
2.1 Names of Authors 102
2.1.1 Variant Forms 102
2.1.2 Titles and Suffixes 103
2.1.3 Corporate Authors 104
2.2 Titles 105
2.2.1 Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword 106
2.2.2 Translations of Titles 106
2.3 Versions 107
2.4 Publisher 107
2.5 Locational Elements 110
2.5.1 Plus Sign with Page Number 110
2.5.2 URLs and DOIs 110
2.6 Punctuation in the Works-Cited List 110
2.6.1 Square Brackets 111
2.6.2 Forward Slash 111
2.7 Formatting and Ordering the Works-Cited List 111
2.7.1 Letter-by-Letter Alphabetization 112
2.7.2 Multiple Works by One Author 113
2.7.3 Multiple Works by Coauthors 114
2.7.4 Alphabetizing by Title 115
2.7.5 Cross-References 115
3. In-Text Citations 116
3.1 Author 116
3.1.1 Coauthors 116
3.1.2 Corporate Author 117
3.2 Title 117
3.2.1 Abbreviating Titles of Sources 117
3.2.2 Descriptive Terms in Place of Titles 118
3.3 Numbers in In-Text Citations 119
3.3.1 Style of Numerals 119
3.3.2 Numbers in Works Available in Multiple Editions 120
3.3.3 Other Citations Not Involving Page Numbers 123
3.4 Indirect Sources 124
3.5 Repeated Use of Sources 124
3.6 Punctuation in the In-Text Citation 126
4. Citations in Forms Other Than Print 127
Practice Template 129
Appendix 131
What’s New in the Eighth Edition 131
Formatting a Research Paper 135
Are Notes Compatible with MLA Style? 143
Index 145