The manufacturing of recyclable products and an efficient recovery of resources such as chemicals, materials, and energy from waste streams are the key enablers of the circular economy. This book highlights the efficient management of waste into resources through the introduction of advanced technology able to convert waste into a secondary resource. It describes different technologies and urban mining tools used to recover materials from different types of waste. It also emphasizes that natural materials are limited though demand for the materials continues to increase, and how that demand can be sustainably fulfilled by secondary resources materials that come from urban mining.