bakhshkandi

This book explores the novel quantum behaviors that arise when materials are confined to low dimensions such as one-dimensional nanowires, two-dimensional materials, and quantum dots. The book explains how reduced dimensionality enhances quantum effects including electron correlation, quantum confinement, topological states, and spin-related phenomena. It bridges fundamental quantum physics with materials science, showing how these emergent properties can be engineered and controlled. Emphasis is placed on experimental techniques, theoretical models, and real-world implementations. The book also highlights functional applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, energy conversion, sensing, and quantum information technologies. By connecting microscopic quantum mechanisms to macroscopic device performance, it provides valuable insight for researchers and graduate students working at the intersection of nanotechnology, condensed matter physics, and applied materials science.