belcher-leprince

There are genetic-differences between Diaspora (from mostly Southern/Eastern Parishes) & those living-in-Jamaica (30% admixture). The ＂strange＂ reaction Diasporans encounter stems from a clash between US racial-binary & the racial fluidity of Jamaica. OUR ancestry is a representation of us. Geo-historical literacy gaps.

Why Our Ancestry Seems ＂Strange＂

• One-Drop Rule vs. Caribbean Admixture: U.S. operated under the ＂one-drop rule,＂ which forced people to identify with one race. Our history [Arawakan/Cariban resilience, Spanish/British colonization, Spanish/British/Dutch slave-trades & Asian indentureship] has long fostered a ＂browning＂ identity as its own valid category
  • Unique Regional Blueprints: Specific ＂genetic footprint＂ (Yamaye, Yamaye-Lokono-Kalinago, Mayan, Mayangna, Woolwa .... Iberian, Sephardi, West-Germanic, Celtic, Norwegian/Danish/Swedish-Viking ... Igbo (Aro, Ohafia, Afikpo, Aba, Owerri), Ibibio, Efik, Ijaw, Ejagham, Annang, Urhobo, Isoko, Itsekiri, Akan [Fante, Ashanti (Asante), Akyem, Akuapem, Bono, Akwamu, Aowin, Nzema], Ewe, Yoruba, Hausa-Fulani/Fulani, Edo, Bakongo, Vili, Bayombe, Bangala, Mongo, Ngola, Makau, Tonga, Shona, Malagasy, Mandinka ... Kurmi, Koeri, Brahmin, Rajput, Doms, Dusadhs, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam ... Hakka, Cantonese) is recognizable Jamaican-Creole DNA. The average Jamaican-Creole Autosomal-DNA features ＂Northern South-American＂/＂Yucatán＂, Iberian/Sephardi, ＂Scandinavian＂, ＂Celtic & Gaelic＂, German, ＂Central-Nigerian＂, ＂Nigerian-Woodlands＂, ＂Ivorian/Ghanian＂, ＂Yorubaland＂, ＂North-Central Nigeria＂, ＂East-Bantu＂/＂Austronesian＂, ＂North-Indian＂/＂South-Indian＂, ＂Southern-Chinese & Taiwanese＂ components
• ＂Stereotype Gap＂ Global media often reduces Jamaica to a single image: a Black-Rastafarian. The reality shatters that oversimplified stereotype, causing confusion/skepticism from those who view us through narrow lens

• South-Asians: 1838-1917, British imported 40,000 Desi laborers to Jamaica from Hindi Belt (Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Bengal) & Madras State (Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh). Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Kashmir & Sindh too. Waves of migration. Coolie/＂Dougla＂ identities. Esp. Eastern/Central Parishes.
• East-/Southeast-Asians: 1853/54-1879, British imported 19,000 Hong-Kong Hakka/Cantonese to Caribbean. Waves of Asian migration. ＂Chiney＂/＂Hapa＂ identities. Esp. Eastern/Central Parishes.
• Diasporic Asian admixture: 20-45%
• Irish Indentured-Servitude
• Arawakan-Caribbean Resilience: Yamaye/Tamye/Jamye. Lokono & Kalinago. 3000 sites. 14.7% Yamaye villages. Most artifacts in St. Catherine. St. Ann, St. Elizabeth, St. Mary, Trelewany. Portland & Clarendon. Densest settlements in St. Thomas & Clarendon. Paleo-Siberian/East-Asian/Ancient-Australasian-DNA. 1,000-2,000 per a yucayeque. Over 200 Yucayeques (over 23 in Trelawny). Many Kasikes & Nitaínos. Cacicazgos: Yamayeka, Xaymaca, Maima, Yama, Yullah, Guatibacoa, Aguacadiba, Guanaboa, Liguanea, Aomaquique. 1-2 million. Yenkunkun Pikibo live in mountain-communities (St. Elizabeth; Portland; St. Mary; St. John; less St. Thomas & Trelawny) since Spanish-Rule. Myalism is a Yenkunkun Pikibo-spirituality. 6-12% in the average. B2b3a1a/A2 MtDNA & Arawakan/Cariban/Yucatán/Chibchan markers frequently appear among Yenkunkun-Pikibo across Parishes & Eastern/Southeast Jamaicans (20-40% to 60-80%) reflecting a history of survival/intermixing. Comparing to average 1-2% in most other islands & 0% MtNDA. Yenkunkun Pikibo/＂Sambu＂ identities.
• Viking Influence: Diverse seafarer/merchant settler-groups. European-DNA in Jamaicans is highest among the Anglophone. 50%+ in Western-Parishes.
• MENA Refugees
• Romani Indentured-Servitude