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This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of human rights in the world, highlighting both achievements and remaining challenges. It begins with a historical and conceptual introduction to human rights, exploring their evolution and importance in contemporary society. Through a global analysis, it assesses the respect and effectiveness of human rights, drawing on reports from international organizations and specific case studies. It delves into how human rights are integrated and protected (or violated) in various contexts, such as criminal justice, migration, gender equality, technology, the environment, armed conflict, education and health. Each chapter examines a key thematic area, addressing common problems, examples of violations, and needed reforms. For example, it discusses how migration policies affect the rights of migrants, how gender-based violence remains a global problem, and how emerging technology poses new challenges to privacy and data protection. In addition, the impacts of environmental degradation on human rights are discussed.