heat source and radiation on mhd fluid flow over a porous plate

The study of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid flow has garnered significant attention due to its wide range of applications in engineering, astrophysics, and industrial processes. When considering high-temperature systems, it becomes crucial to understand the impact of thermal radiation and heat sources on the flow characteristics. These factors play a pivotal role in processes such as nuclear reactor cooling, geothermal energy extraction, and in various metallurgical applications.In MHD flows, the interaction between the magnetic field and the electrically conducting fluid introduces complex dynamics, which are further influenced by the presence of a heat source and thermal radiation. The heat source can represent internal heating mechanisms such as chemical reactions or external sources like solar radiation. Thermal radiation, on the other hand, is essential in understanding the energy transport in high-temperature flows.