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Exile occupies a major place in contemporary Spanish history and culture, marked by the Civil War (1936-1939) and its profound repercussions. This critical essay traces the paths of exile taken by two great Spanish writers from different generations: Max Aub (1903-1972) and Juan Goytisolo (1931). The aim is to gain a better understanding of the intimate experience of exile for both authors in order to identify the political, moral, and poetic implications in their writing in relation to part of their literary output. This essay thus establishes a dialogue between the two writers and compares their views on the situation of the exile and his conflictual relationship with his country of origin. It will be of interest to curious readers, students, and specialists in literature, particularly Hispanic literature, who will also gain a better understanding, thanks to the thinking and writing of Max Aub and Juan Goytisolo, of the challenges facing today’s world in terms of memory, otherness, migration, and intellectual and political engagement.