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In Brazil, studies on rural women within a production unit focus on their status as low-paid and undervalued workers. Musculoskeletal disorders are common among workers with extremely intense and heavy workloads. The most severe symptoms affect the hands and forearms, lower back, and hips compared to other activities outside of agriculture. Health services must take action and implement effective strategies to promote health, prevent disease, and meet the real demands and needs of the rural population. This book brings together current research sources and highlights musculoskeletal disorders. Our thanks for the completion of this study go to: the Maranhão Foundation for Research and Scientific and Technological Development (FAPEMA), the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), the Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), and the Postgraduate Programme in Adult and Child Health (PPGSAC).