mohammadpour

Energy has always been the cornerstone of human civilization, driving economic development, technological advancement, and societal progress. Among all energy sources, oil occupies a unique and central position. Since its large-scale commercial exploitation in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, oil has not only powered industries, transportation systems, and military operations but has also become a critical instrument in shaping international relations and geopolitics. The dependence of modern economies on oil is both an opportunity and a vulnerability.