Neurofeedback (NFB) is used in the treatment of a variety of neurological disorders. However, the potential benefit for rehabilitation of stroke patients has not yet been demonstrated. Patients often suffer from severe disturbances of memory and attention related processes, both strongly related to the EEG alpha band. The findings demonstrate the impact of NFB on cognitive performance as well as on the EEG alpha band. Furthermore these preliminary results suggest that Neurofeedback can be a valuable tool in rehabilitation after stroke.