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Issues related to the urbanization process and environmental impacts have been the subject of constant discussion on the global stage, given the catastrophic accidents that have occurred in recent years. The transformations in the urban geographical space are the result of the accelerated urbanization process, mainly due to expansion and occupation in permanent preservation areas of the rivers that cut through the city, causing destruction of the vegetation cover. The consequences of these impacts are high levels of siltation, water contamination and an indicator of pathogens that cause disease, putting the local population at risk, especially during the rainy season. On the other hand, urban afforestation can minimize the effects of pollution and temperature and provide better environmental and visual comfort for the population. In this vein, this book brings concrete results of the urban environmental bottleneck, caused by the lack of planning, and at the same time leads society to wake up to the environmental risks and seek improvements to the environmental sustainability of the cities in which it lives.