the geo-politics of lng in trinidad and tobago and venezuela in the 21st century (revised)

The original text of this work was published in 2014 which meant that events after the death of President Hugo Chavez in Venezuela in March 2013 such as the Maduro Presidency from 2013 to 2024 and the impact of the unilateral coercive measures of the USA on the natural gas sector of Venezuela need to be included in a revised version. Likewise, the evolution of the gas production shortfall and the measures slated to mitigate this shortfall in T&T, including the dance with Venezuela for the supply of Venezuelan gas to the gas sector of T&T which involves the grave risk of US unilateral coercive measures impacting the gas supply relationship with Venezuela with telling impact on the gas sector of T&T must be analysed. This updated revision presents then the developments in the gas sectors of Venezuela and T&T from 2014 to 2024 thereby analysing the pressing reality of the impact of geopolitics on the LNG sector of both T&T and Venezuela in the 21st century.