This essay aims, on the one hand, to show a summary of the evolution of civil and political rights of Venezuelan citizens throughout the 19th and 20th centuries; and on the other, to show how the country’s economy has evolved as a result of the economic policies promoted by the governments in power during the same periods. On the historical evolution of both subjects, the successes and failures in political and economic matters are shown, in order to finally establish some considerations that allow us to make up for the mistakes of the past by looking to the future. Finally, and in the conclusions, some considerations are established regarding the current situation of political rights and the economic situation in Venezuela.