台灣區照明燈具輸出業同業公會

第一章 照明的基礎
1-1 光的基本用語
光 light......................1
波長 wavelength；λ.........................1
波數 wave number；σ......................2
頻率 frequency....................................................2
不可見光 invisible radiation........................................2
紫外線 ultraviolet radiation；UV.............................................2
近紫外線 near ultraviolet radiation；UV-A........................................3
中紫外線 middle ultraviolet radiation；mean ultraviolet radiation；UV-B...............3
遠紫外線 far ultraviolet radiation；vacuum ultraviolet radiation；UV-C...........3
紅外線 infrared radiation；IR；IR-radiation...............................3
遠紅外線 far infrared radiation；long wavelength infrared radiation................3
近紅外線 near infrared radiation；short wavelength infrared radiation............3
遠紅色光 far-red light..................................................3
1-2 光的輻射特性
輻射 irradiation........................................................4
電磁輻射 electromagnetic radiation.....................................4
單色輻射 monochromatic radiation....................................... 4
單色模式 monochromatic mode (spectrophotometry)..........................4
輻射量 radiant quantities...................................................5
輻射能量 radiant energy；Qe；Q..........................................5
輻射功率；輻射通量 radiant power (radiant flux)；Φe；Φ；P.................5
輻射強度 radiant intensity；Ie；I.......................................5
輻射輝(亮)度 radiance；Le；L.....................................5
輻射發散度 radiant exitance；Me；M..............................6
輻射照度 irradiance；Ee；E......................................................6
光譜幅射照度 spectral irradiance.......................................................6
光譜輻亮度 spectral radiance.....................................................6
曝輻射量 radiant exposure；He；H.....................................................6
溫度輻射 temperature radiation.........................................7
目錄
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輻射率 emissivity；ε.......................................................7
普朗克輻射體 Planckian radiator.......................................7
黑體 blackbody.........................................................................7
黑體輻射 blackbody radiation......................................................7
普朗克定律 Plank's law...........................................................7
韋恩定律 Wein's law of radiation.....................................................7
史蒂芬．波次曼定律 Stefan-Boltzmann's law..........................................8
史蒂芬．波次曼常數 Stefan-Boltzmann constant........................................8
灰色體 gray body；grey body.............................................8
選擇輻射體 selective radiator.....................................................8
非選擇輻射體 non-selective radiator.........................................8
分光反射率 spectral reflectance......................................................8
分 光 透 過 率 spectral transmittance.........................................8
克希荷夫定律 Kirchhoff's law............................................8
光學輻射 optical radiation...................................................9
可見輻射；可見光 visible radiation..........................................9
偏振輻射 polarized radiation...................................................9
線性偏振輻射 linearly polarized radiation......................................9
消偏振器 depolarizer.........................................................9
同干幅射 coherent radiation................................................9
光束幾何範圍 geometric extent (of a beam of rays)；G..............................9
球面積(射)照度；輻射流率 spherical irradiance；radiant fluence rate；Ee,o；Eo................10
輻射效率(輻射源的) radiant efficiency (of a source of radiation)；ηe；η.......10
光視效率(輻射的) luminous efficacy (of radiation)；K................................10
球面曝輻射量；輻射流量 radiant spherical exposure；radiant fluence；He,z；Hz...............10
圓柱面曝輻射量 radiant cylindrical exposure；He,z；Hz...........................11
等效對比度 equivalent (luminance) contrast.........................11
曝光計 exposure meter.............................................11
1-3 光的傳播特性
吸收 absorption................................................................12
吸收率 absorptance；α.................................................12
反射 reflection................................................................12
反射率 reflectance；ρ...............................................12
境界面反射 interfacial reflection.......................................13
鏡面反射 specular reflection........................................13
規則反射 regular reflection............................................13
規則反射比 regular reflectance........................................13
目錄
- 3 -
相互反射 interreflection；interflection..........................................13
擴散反射 diffuse reflection....................................................13
完全擴散反射 perfect diffuse reflection........................................................................14
完全擴散反射面 perfect reflecting diffuser.................................................................14
均勻擴散反射 uniform diffuse reflection.........................................................................14
均勻擴散反射面 uniform reflecting diffuser................................................................14
朗伯餘弦定律 Lambert's cosine law..............................................................................14
朗伯面 Lambertian surface...........................................................................................15
混合反射 mixed reflection.........................................................................................15
逆反射 retroreflection.................................................................................................15
逆反射比 retroreflectance..........................................................................................16
逆反射性元素 retroreflective element..........................................................................16
逆反射材料....................................................................................................................16
逆反射器 retroreflector .............................................................................................16
光澤 gloss (of a surface) ….............................................................................................16
光澤度 glossiness...........................................................................................................17
透射 transmission..........................................................................................................17
透射率 transmittance；τ...............................................................................................17
半透明 translucency.......................................................................................................18
直透射 direct transmission...........................................................................................18
規則透射 regular transmission....................................................................................18
正透射率 regular transmittance....................................................................................18
擴散透射 diffuse transmission........................................................................................18
擴散透射率 diffuse transmittance.................................................................................18
均勻擴散透射 uniform diffuse transmission...................................................................18
完全擴散透射 perfect diffuse transmission.....................................................................19
混合透射 mixed transmission.................................................................................19
完全擴散透射面 perfect transmitting diffuser...........................................................19
均勻擴散透射面 uniform transmitting diffuser............................................................19
折射 refraction...............................................................................................................19
折射率 refractive index................................................................................................20
干涉 interference........................................................................................................20
繞射 diffraction............................................................................................................20
漫射 diffusion...........................................................................................................20
散射 scattering.........................................................................................................20
漫射體 diffuser............................................................................................................20
漫反射比 diffuse reflectance................................................................................20 目錄
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各向同性漫反射 isotropic diffuse reflection.................................................................20
各向同性漫透射 isotropic diffuse transmission..........................................................21
入射輻射束之幾何特性 influx geometry；irradiation geometry；incidence geometry...21
中性頻譜；非選擇性頻譜 spectrally neutral ................................................................21
1-4 光的理化效應
光泵 optical pumping...........................................................................................22
光電效應 photoelectric effect.....................................................................................22
光電子發射效應 photoemissive effect............................................................................22
光電導性效應 photoconductive effect...........................................................................22
光生伏打效應 photovoltaic effect..................................................................................23
光解 photolysis.........................................................................................................23
光電管 photoemissive cell；phototube............................................................................23
光電池 photovoltaic cell...........................................................................................23
光導管 photoconductive cell.......................................................................................23
光敏電阻 photoresistor...............................................................................................23
光效應 photoeffect......................................................................................................23
感光度 actinism.........................................................................................................23
光化性 actinic..........................................................................................................24
直接光化學效應 direct actinic effect............................................................................24
間接光化學效應 indirect actinic effect...........................................................................24
自然光化學效應 natural actinic effect............................................................................24
量子效率 quantum efficiency；quantum yield...............................................................24
光電倍增管 photomultiplier.......................................................................................24
光敏作用 photosensitization................................................................................24
光合作用 photosynthesis............................................................................................24
作用光譜 action spectrum..........................................................................................25
1-5 測光量單位
測光量 luminous quantities；photometric quantities.......................................................26
球面度 steradian；sr....................................................................................................26
光通量 luminous flux；Φv；Φ...................................................................................26
光子通量 photon flux；ΦP；Φ......................................................................................26
流明 lumen；lm............................................................................................................27
光通量密度 luminous flux density..............................................................................27
光量 quantity of light；QV；Q........................................................................................27
照度 illuminance；EV；E......................................................................................27
勒克斯 lux；lx.............................................................................................................27 目錄
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發光強度 luminous intensity；Iv；I.............................................................................28
坎德拉 candela；cd................................................................................................28
燭光 candle-power..........................................................................................29
輝度(亮度) luminance；LV；L..................................................................................29
正常瞳孔輝度 natural pupil luminance.....................................................................30
亮度 brightness；luminosity..........................................................................................30
尼特 nit；nt................................................................................................................30
坎德拉每平方米 candela per square meter；cd/m2......................................................31
阿熙提 apostilb；asb..................................................................................................30
熙提 stilb；sb.............................................................................................................30
朗伯 lambert；L......................................................................................................30
英呎朗伯 footlambert；fL...........................................................................................31
輻透 photo；ph..........................................................................................................30
英呎燭光 footcandela；fc.......................................................................................30
點光源 point source.......................................................................................................31
平方反比定律 inverse-square law................................................................................31
照度的入射角餘弦定律 cosine law of incident angle for illuminance...........................32
直接照度 direct illuminance.....................................................................................33
間接照度 indirect illuminance....................................................................................33
水平面照度 horizontal illuminance............................................................................33
垂直面照度 vertical illuminance.................................................................................33
法線面照度 normal illuminance.................................................................................33
平均球面照度 mean spherical illuminance...................................................................34
標量照度 scalar illuminance.....................................................................................34
平均圓柱面照度 mean cylindrical illuminance............................................................34
半圓筒面照度 semi-cylindrical illuminance.................................................................34
半球面照度 semi-spherical illuminance；scalar illuminance...........................................34
曝光 luminous exposure；light exposure......................................................................34
光束發散度 luminous exitance；Mv；M.....................................................................35
弧度勒克斯 radlux；rlx.............................................................................................35
光能 luminous energy..............................................................................................35
(圓)柱面輻(射)照度 cylindrical irradiance；Ee,z；Ez.......................................................35
光源的光視效能 luminous efficacy (of a source)；ηv；η.................................................35
等價輝度(等效亮度) equivalent luminance；Leq.........................................................36
輝點照度 point brilliance；Ev；E..................................................................................36
簡化輝度(亮度)係數 reduced luminance coefficient (for a point on a surface)；r…....36 目錄
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1-6 照明基本用語
照明 lighting；illumination........................................................................................37
照明設備 lighting installation....................................................................................37
室內照明 interior lighting；indoor lighting...................................................................37
公共照明 public lighting...........................................................................................37
照明工程(照明技術) illuminating engineering；lighting technology...............................37
採光 daylighting.................................................................................................37
光環境 lighted environment....................................................................................37
照明環境 luminous environment...........................................................................38
人工照明 electric lighting；artificial lighting...............................................................38
非成像光學 non imaging optics...............................................................................38
國際照明委員 Commission International de I'Eclairage..........................................38
北美照明協會 Illuminating Engineering Society Of North America；IESNA.................38
國際照明產業聯盟 Zhaga........................................................................................39
第二章 照明與視覺
2-1 眼睛的構造與功能
眼球 eye ball...............................................................................................................41
鞏膜 sclera...................................................................................................................41
角膜 cornea.............................................................................................................41
虹膜 iris.......................................................................................................................42
瞳孔 pupil.......................................................................................................................42
水晶體 lens...............................................................................................................42
視神經 optic nerve.....................................................................................................42
視網膜 retina..............................................................................................................42
錐狀體 cones...............................................................................................................43
桿狀體 rods...............................................................................................................43
黃斑 yellow spot；macula lutea.......................................................................................43
中央窩 fovea；fovea centralis..........................................................................................43
小窩 foveola……………..........................................................................................44
視軸 visual axis..........................................................................................................44
視紫 visual purple..................................................................................................44
夜盲 hemeralopia；night blindness.................................................................................44
色覺缺陷 defective colour vision...................................................................................44
馬利奧都的盲點 Mariotte's blind spot.......................................................................44 目錄
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2-2 光視效率
普爾金耶現象 Purkinje phenomenon..........................................................................46
光譜視感效率 spectral luminous efficacy；K.................................................................46
最大光譜光視效率 maximum spectral luminous efficacy............................................47
CIE 標準光度觀察者 CIE standard photometric observer.............................................47
光譜光視效率 spectral luminous efficiency.................................................................47
明視覺比光視效率 photopic vision spectral luminous efficiency..................................49
暗視覺比光視效率 scotopic vision spectral luminous efficiency...................................49
2-3 視覺的特性
視野 visual field；field of view.......................................................................................50
視角 visual angle.......................................................................................................51
朗多爾氏環 Landol ring...........................................................................................51
視覺 vision.................................................................................................................51
明視覺 photopic vision.........................................................................................52
暗視覺 scotopic vision...........................................................................................52
中間視覺 mesopic vision.............................................................................................52
疲勞 fatigue...........................................................................................................53
明視距離 visual range.................................................................................................53
適應 adaptation.......................................................................................................53
明適應 light adaptation..................................................................................................53
暗適應 dark adaptation...............................................................................................54
斯太耳斯-克勞福德效應；方向效應 Stiles-Crawford effect；directional effect ...........55
楚蘭德 troland；Td.............................................................................................55
年齡效應 aging effect........................................................................................55
清晰度 readability................................................................................................55
調視 accommodation..............................................................................................56
閾值 threshold............................................................................................................56
閾照度 threshold of illuminance................................................................................56
能見度 luminous range.................................................................................................56
視覺對比閾值 visual contrast threshold........................................................................56
韋伯定律 Webers' law.................................................................................................57
韋伯-費科納定律 Weber-Fechners' law......................................................................57
特汝伯定律 Talbots' law..............................................................................................58
視覺敏銳度；視力 visual acuity；visual resolution........................................................58
中心視覺 central vision............................................................................................58
周邊視覺 peripheral vision...........................................................................................59
視覺速度 vision speed...............................................................................................59 目錄
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視覺作業 visual task..............................................................................................59
視覺功效學 visual ergonomics.....................................................................................60
視覺功效 visual performance.....................................................................................60
對向角 angular subtense.............................................................................................60
視覺危害距離 ocular hazard distance..........................................................................60
知覺屬性關聯性 perceptual attribute correlate..........................................................60
視覺感知 visual perception......................................................................................61
視覺感覺 visual sensatio...........................................................................................61
明視度 visibility...................................................................................................61
明視度等級 visibility level........................................................................................61
2-4 眩光
眩光 glare.......................................................................................................................62
CIE眩光指數 CIE glare index；CGI............................................................................63
眩光等級限制值 glare rating limit；RG,L；GRL ...............................................................63
位置指數 position index.............................................................................................64
直接眩光 direct glare.....................................................................................................64
不舒適眩光 discomfort glare.........................................................................................65
失能眩光 disability glare...............................................................................................65
反射眩光 glare by reflection........................................................................................65
光幕反射 veiling reflection..........................................................................................66
光幕眩光 veiling glare..................................................................................................66
光幕輝度 veiling luminance............................................................................................67
視覺光幕 viewing flare....................................................................................................67
等效光幕亮度 equivalent veiling luminance...............................................................67
對比眩光 contrast glare..................................................................................................67
斜照眩光 side glare......................................................................................................67
順應眩光 adaption glare.................................................................................................67
過照眩光 immoderacy glare............................................................................................67
對比顯現因素 contrast rendering factor；CRF.............................................................68
參考對比顯現因數 contrast rendering factor referential；CRFR....................................68
輝度閾值 luminance threshold..................................................................................68
輝度差閾 luminance difference threshold；△L.............................................................68
閾值增量；最低門檻增量值 threshold increment (disability glare)；TI..........................68
對比 contrast.......................................................................................................69
干擾區 intrude area...................................................................................................69
眩光限制曲線 glare limitation curves....................................................................69
對比靈敏度 contrast sensitivity；Sc............................................................................70 目錄
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閃爍 flicker.....................................................................................................................71
頻閃效應 stroboscopic effect...............................................................................71
融合頻率 fusion frequency.......................................................................................71
臨界閃爍頻率 critical flicker frequency；CFF.............................................................71
頻閃觀測器 stroboscope.......................................................................................71
第三章 照明與色彩
3-1 色彩的構成
色彩 color；colour.........................................................................................................73
光學頻譜 spectrum........................................................................................................73
光譜線 spectral line.........................................................................................................74
光譜的 spectral......................................................................................................74
相對光譜分佈 relative spectral distribution；S(λ)............................................................74
光刺激 light stimulus......................................................................................................74
吸收光譜 absorption spectrum..................................................................................74
連續光譜 continuous spectrum.....................................................................................74
光譜密集度；光譜分佈 spectral concentration；spectral distribution；Xλ........................75
光譜靈敏度；光譜影響度 spectral responsivity；spectral sensitivity..............................75
干涉濾光鏡 interference filter......................................................................................75
濾光器 filter.......................................................................................................75
中密度濾光鏡 neutral (density) filter...........................................................................76
色散 dispersion.........................................................................................................76
稜鏡 prism.......................................................................................................................76
分光鏡 spectroscope.................................................................................................76
單色光 monochromatic light.......................................................................................77
光源色 light source color...........................................................................................77
物體色 object-colour.................................................................................................77
物體型式 object mode (of colour appearance)..............................................................77
表面色 surface colour...................................................................................................78
發光色 luminous colour；illumination colour..................................................................78
非發光色 non-luminous colour.....................................................................................78
無彩色 achromatic colour........................................................................................78
相關(知覺)色 related (perceived) colour.......................................................................78
非相關(知覺)色 unrelated (perceived) colour.................................................................78
有彩色 chromatic colour................................................................................................78
色票 color chip ......................................................................................................78
色彩三屬性 color matching coefficients......................................................................78 目錄
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色相 hue ....................................................................................................................79
明度 lightness................................................................................................................79
彩度 chroma.......................................................................................................79
色彩感覺 color feeling..........................................................................................80
互補色 complementary color...................................................................................80
三原色 three primaries.............................................................................................80
單一色相 unitary hue；unique hue..............................................................................80
二元色相 binary hue....................................................................................................80
阿布尼現象 Abney phenomenon.....................................................................................81
貝措爾德-布呂克現象 Bezold-Brücke phenomenon....................................................81
亥姆霍茲-柯爾勞什現象 Helmholtz-Kohlrausch phenomenon.....................................81
色濃度 chromaticness；colourfulness......................................................................81
色飽和度 saturation......................................................................................................81
晝光螢光色 daylight fluorescent colour.....................................................................81
場色 field colour.............................................................................................................81
固有色 inherent color.........................................................................................81
專色 spot color....................................................................................................82
3-2 色彩的特性
後像 after image.......................................................................................................83
加法混色 additive mixture of colors..........................................................................83
減法混色 subtractive mixture of color...........................................................................83
彩色濾光片 colored filter.....................................................................................84
色彩對比 color contrast...........................................................................................84
同時性對比 simultaneous contrast................................................................................84
色相對比 hue contrast................................................................................................85
明度對比 value contrast.............................................................................................85
彩度對比 chromatic contrast...........................................................................................85
補色對比 complementary contrast...................................................................................85
繼續性對比 successive contrast....................................................................................86
色彩調和 color harmony..............................................................................................86
色彩恆常性 color constancy ........................................................................................86
容量色 volume color...................................................................................................86
3-3 表色系統
色名 color name..........................................................................................................87
基礎色名 basic color name..........................................................................................87
色立體 color solid.......................................................................................................87 目錄
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*uvE??
曼塞爾表色系統 Munsell system............................................................................88
NCS 表色系統 natural color system；NCS..................................................................89
三色表色系統 trichromatic system..................................................................90
CIE1931 標準表色系統 CIE1931 standard colorimetric system..................................90
CIE1964 補助標準表色系統 CIE1964 supplementary standard colorimetric system....91
均勻色空間 uniform color space............................................................................92
均勻色度標度圖 uniform-chromaticity-scale diagram；UCS diagram..........................92
CIE1976均勻色度標度圖 CIE1976 uniform-chromaticity-scale diagram；CIE1976UCS diagram…………………………………………………………………………….92
CIE1976L*u*v* 色空間 CIE1976 L*u*v* color space；CIE LUV color space………………………………………………………………………………..........93
CIE1976L*u*v* 色差；CIE1976 L*u*v* color difference；CIE LUV color difference；……………………………………………………………………………….93
CIE1976L*a*b* 色空間 CIE1976 L*a*b* color space；CIE LAB color space...........................................................................................................94
色差 color difference................................................................................................95
色差式 color difference formula...............................................................................95
色域 color space..............................................................................................................95
標準色空間 sRGB color space...............................................................................95
CIE標準光 CIE standard illuminants......................................................................95
CIE標準光源 CIE standard sources............................................................................96
標準光源A standard source A；standard illuminant A...................................................97
標準光源B standard source B；standard illuminant B......................................................97
標準光源C standard source C；standard illuminant C......................................................97
標準光源D65 standard source D65；standard illuminant D65……………………………………....97
標準光源D75 standard source D75；standard illuminant D75.........................................................................................................................98
相對照度係數 relative illuminance factor.......................................................................98
三刺激值 tristimulus values........................................................................................98
視感反射率 luminous reflectance..........................................................................99
視感透過率 luminous transmittance..........................................................................99
等色函數 color matching functions................................................................................99
色度圖 chromaticity diagram.............................................................................100
色度 chromaticity...............................................................................................100
色度座標 chromaticity coordinates...........................................................................100
主波長 dominant wavelength；λd.............................................................................101
補色主波長 complementary wavelength；λc...............................................................101
條件等色 metamerism.........................................................................................102 目錄
色刺激 color stimulus；φλ(λ)...................................................................................102
色刺激函數 color stimulus function；φ(λ).................................................................102
相對色刺激函數 relative color stimulus function....................................................102
非彩色刺激 achromatic stimulus..................................................................................102
彩色刺激 chromatic stimulus......................................................................................102
單色刺激；光譜刺激 monochromatic stimulus；spectral stimulus...............................102
互補色刺激 complementary color stimuli...................................................................103
色刺激相加混合 additive mixture of color stimuli ..................................................103
色匹配 color matching..............................................................................................103
格拉斯曼定律 Grassmann's laws...............................................................................103
馮克萊斯保持定律 Von Kries' persistence law...........................................................103
阿布尼定律 Abney's law.......................................................................................103
參照色刺激 reference color stimuli............................................................................103
色彩方程式 color equation........................................................................................104
色譜集 color atlas.......................................................................................................104
光譜軌跡 spectrum locus.............................................................................................104
紫色刺激 purple stimulus.............................................................................................104
紫色邊界 purple boundary.......................................................................................105
最佳色刺激 optimal color stimuli................................................................................105
零亮度面 alychne.............................................................................................105
純度 purity...........................................................................................................105
色度純度 colorimetric purity；Pc................................................................................105
興奮純度 excitation purity；Pe....................................................................................105
白點 white point............................................................................................................106
白平衡 white balance.................................................................................................106
中性白點 medium white point...................................................................................106
中性黑點 medium black point...................................................................................106
展示面環境白點 ambient white point (of a display).....................................................106
開口色 aperture color................................................................................................106
表色之開口法 aperture mode (of colour appearance)...................................................106
限制進光量 aperture stop.........................................................................................107
條件等色指數 metamerism index..............................................................................107
色彩描述檔連接空間 profile connection space......................................................107
近側範圍 proximal field........................................................................................107
3-4 色彩的運用
安全用色光 colored light for safety..........................................................................108
顯著性 conspicuity............................................................................................108 目錄
- 13 -
色適應 chromatic adaptation....................................................................................108
色溫度 color temperature；Tc.........................................................................................109
普朗克軌跡 Planckien locus...................................................................................110
相關色溫度 correlated color temperature；Tcp............................................................110
日光軌跡 daylight locus...................................................................................111
演色性 color rendering...................................................................................112
參照光源 reference illuminant........................................................................112
演色性指數 color rendering index；CRI；R.................................................................112
平均演色性指數 general color rendering index；GCRI；Ra.....................................112
特殊演色性指數 special color rendering index；SCRI；Ri...........................................113
指示燈顏色 colors of indicator lights......................................................................114
廣色域 extended gamut.........................................................................................114
熱色效應 thermochromism...................................................................................114
第四章 光源
4-1 基本原理
光 源 light source.......................................................................................................115
自然光 natural light.................................................................................................115
自然光的人工光源 daylight illuminant；D illuminant...............................................115
自發光光源；原極光源 primary light source..............................................................115
次極光源 secondary light source...........................................................................115
人工光源 artificial light sources..............................................................................115
燈 lamp....................................................................................................................114
電燈 electric lamp..........................................................................................................115
電光源 electric light source............................................................................................116
熱輻射 thermal radiation....................................................................................116
白熾 incandescence................................................................................................116
發光 luminescence.......................................................................................116
電子發光 electricluminescence...................................................................................116
連續波長燈管 continuous wave lamp；CW lamp.....................................................116
光子發光 photoluminescence.....................................................................117
史托克定律 Stoke's law...........................................................................................117
反史托克斯發光 anti-Stoke's luminescence.......................................................117
陰極發光 cathodeluminescence................................................................................117
輝光放電 glow discharge........................................................................................117
電弧柱 positive column...........................................................................................118
陰極電壓降 cathode fall；cathode drop.......................................................................118 目錄
- 14 -
正常陰極電壓降 normal cathode fall.........................................................................118
異常陰極電壓降 abnormal cathode fall....................................................................118
弧光放電；電弧 arc discharge；electric arc....................................................................118
放電 electric discharge.......................................................................................118
巴陳定律 Paschen’s law...................................................................................118
帕林效應 Penning effect.........................................................................................119
初期特性 initial characteristics...........................................................................119
燈電壓 lamp voltage................................................................................................119
動程 life performance........................................................................................119
老化 aging；ageing..................................................................................................119
燈壽命 life of a lamp............................................................................................120
經濟壽命 economic life..........................................................................................120
平均壽命 average life................................................................................................120
壽命試驗 life test.....................................................................................................121
X%燈失效時的壽命 life to X% failures ...............................................................121
光源殘存係數 lamp survival factor；LSF；lamp burnout；LBO....................................121
光源流明衰減係數 lamp lumen depreciation；LLD....................................................121
發射器 emitter.........................................................................................................122
成本 cost.........................................................................................................122
4-2 白熾燈
白熾燈 incandescent lamp....................................................................................123
碳絲燈泡 carbon filament lamp..............................................................................125
鎢絲燈 tungsten filament lamp.................................................................................125
金屬絲燈泡 mental filament lamp.........................................................................126
真空白熾燈 vacuum incandescent lamp.....................................................................126
吸氣劑 getter........................................................................................................126
充氣白熾燈 gas-filled incandescent lamp....................................................................126
氪氣燈泡 krypton lamp.............................................................................................126
反射型燈泡 reflector lamp；R.........................................................................................126
鹵素燈 tungsten halogen lamp..............................................................................127
紅外線燈泡 infrared lamp.........................................................................................128
球形燈泡 ball lamp................................................................................................128
紅外線加熱與乾燥 infrared heating and drying.........................................................128
紅外線加熱乾燥爐 infrared furnace..............................................................................129
燈絲 filament........................................................................................................129
直絲燈 straight filament................................................................................................130
單絲圈燈絲 single-coil filament.............................................................................130 目錄
- 15 -
複絲圈燈絲 coiled-coil filament................................................................................130
支撐線架 support...................................................................................................130
心柱管 stem tube......................................................................................................130
導入線 lead-wire......................................................................................................130
玻璃泡 bulb...........................................................................................................130
透明燈泡 clear bulb......................................................................................................131
磨砂燈泡 frosted bulb...............................................................................................131
乳白燈泡 opal bulb.................................................................................................131
塗層燈泡 coated bulb............................................................................................131
反射燈泡 reflectorized bulb...................................................................................132
漆膜燈泡 enamelled bulb....................................................................................132
彩色燈泡 coloured bulb...........................................................................................132
硬料燈泡 hard glass bulb .........................................................................................132
管形燈泡 tubular lamp................................................................................................132
光中心距離 light center length....................................................................................132
半球型反射燈泡 bowl reflector；BR..........................................................................132
拋物形鋁反射燈泡 parabolic aluminized reflector；PAR.............................................133
囊型石英鹵素燈泡 miniature tungsten-halogen capsule；JC........................................133
雙泡型鹵鎢燈泡 double-envelope tungsten-halogen capsule.......................................133
鋁反射燈泡 aluminum reflector；AR.............................................................................133
多面反射燈泡 multi-faceted or multi-mirror reflector；MR.........................................133
小電燈泡 miniature lamp bulb......................................................................................134
裝飾用小燈泡 Christmas-tree lamps......................................................................134
裝飾用燈串 decorative lighting outfits...........................................................134
低伏變壓器 low-voltage transformer...............................................................134
4-3 螢光燈
螢光燈 fluorescent lamp..............................................................................................135
燈管 tube.......................................................................................................................137
起動器 starter..........................................................................................................138
輝光起動器 glow starter...............................................................................................139
電子起動器 electronic starter..................................................................................139
溫白色螢光燈 white fluorescent lamp.......................................................................139
冷白色螢光燈 cool white fluorescent lamp.................................................................140
晝白色螢光燈 neutral white fluorescent lamp...............................................................141
晝光色螢光燈 daylight fluorescent lamp；tropical daylight fluorescent lamp .............141
三波長型螢光燈 three band fluorescent lamp...............................................................141
高輸出螢光燈 high output fluorescent lamp；HO....................................................141 目錄
- 16 -
超高輸出螢光燈 extra-high output fluorescent lamp...........................................142
顏色評價用螢光燈 fluorescent lamp for color appraisal.......................................142
預熱起動型螢光燈 preheat start fluorescent lamp.......................................................143
瞬時起動型螢光燈 instant-start fluorescent lamp；cold-start fluorescent lamp...........143
快速起動型螢光燈 rapid-start fluorescent lamp；starterless fluorescent lamp…….....144
開關啟動螢光燈 switch-start fluorescent lamp.......................................................144
無啟動器螢光燈 starterless fluorescent lamp....................................................144
安定器內藏型螢光燈泡 compact self-ballasted fluorescent lamp...........................144
環形螢光燈 circular fluorescent lamp...................................................................145
緊湊型螢光燈 compact single capped；based fluorescent.........................................146
反射型螢光燈管 aperture fluorescent lamp.............................................................147
全光譜燈管 full spectrum lamps..............................................................................147
彩色螢光燈 color fluorescent lamp..........................................................................148
高頻型螢光燈 high-frequency；HF...........................................................................148
高效率型螢光燈 improved-efficiency；IE................................................................148
誘蛾用螢光燈 fluorescent lamp for insect trap.........................................................149
植物栽培用螢光燈 fluorescent lamp for plant rearing.................................................149
冷陰極燈 cold cathode lamp.....................................................................149
熱陰極燈 hot cathode lamp...............................................................................149
4-4 高強度放電燈
放電燈 discharge lamp................................................................................................150
氣體放電燈 gas discharge lamp..................................................................................150
負輝光燈 negative-glow lamp.....................................................................................150
放電燈電壓 lamp voltage (of a gas discharge lamp) .....................................................150
高強度放電燈；HID燈 high intensity discharge lamp；HID lamp...............................150
複金屬燈(金属卤化物灯) metal halide lamp ...............................................................151
水銀燈 mercury vapor lamp；MV..............................................................................152
低壓水銀(蒸氣)燈 low pressure mercury (vapor) lamp .............................................153
高壓水銀(蒸氣)燈 high pressure mercury (vapor) lamp ..............................................154
超高壓水銀燈 extra-high pressure mercury vapor lamp...............................................154
螢光高壓水銀燈 high pressure mercury fluorescent lamp...........................................155
免用安定器型水銀燈 blended lamp；self-ballasted mercury lamp（USA）； MVB.......155
低壓鈉(蒸氣)燈 low pressure sodium (vapor) lamp；LPS............................................156
高壓鈉(蒸氣)燈 high pressure sodium (vapor) lamp....................................................157
太陽燈 artificial sunlamp...........................................................................................158
氙氣燈 xenon lamp.................................................................................................158
點燈位置 lamp operation position..............................................................................159 目錄
- 17 -
再起動時間 restart time...........................................................................................160
初始流明 initial lumens................................................................................................160
平均流明 mean lumens.................................................................................................160
內管 inner bulb............................................................................................................160
外管 outer bulb........................................................................................................160
4-5 其它人工光源
電弧燈 arc lamp......................................................................................................161
短弧燈 short-arc lamp；compact-source arc discharge lamp........................................161
長弧燈 long-arc lamp..........................................................................................161
碳弧燈 carbon arc lamp..........................................................................................161
聚光燈 prefocus lamp..............................................................................................161
EL燈；場致發光燈 electroluminescent lamp...........................................................161
無極感應燈；無極燈 induction lighting；LVD........................................................162
冷陰極燈管 cold cathode lamp；CCFL................................................................162
霓虹燈管 neon tube................................................................................................163
霓虹燈 neon sign；luminous tube sign....................................................................164
霓虹燈泡 neon glum lamp；neon glow lamp.............................................................165
黑光燈；伍德玻璃燈 black light lamp；Wood's glass lamp.....................................165
硫磺燈 sulfur lamp....................................................................................................165
晝光燈 daylight lamp...........................................................................................166
雷射 laser.....................................................................................................................166
壓制玻璃燈 pressed glass lamp............................................................................166
固體雷射 solid-state laser........................................................................................166
氣體雷射 gas laser....................................................................................................166
半導體雷射 semiconductor laser...............................................................................166
發光二極體 light emitting diode；LED.......................................................................167
有機發光二極體 organiclight-emitting diode；OLED...............................................167
顯示器 display device；display unit...........................................................................167
陰極線管 cathode ray tube；CRT..............................................................................167
電漿顯示器 plasma display panel................................................................................168
液晶 liquid crystal...................................................................................................168
液晶顯示器 liquid crystal display；LCD..................................................................168
電氣著色顯示器 electrochromic display；ECD.........................................................169
場致發光光源 electroluminescent source...................................................................169
場致發光板 electroluminescent panel....................................................................169
光源遠置型照明系統 remote-source lighting.............................................................169
光纖 fiber optics.......................................................................................................169 目錄
- 18 -
纖殼 cladding.............................................................................................................171
檢光器 detector...................................................................................................171
孔徑比 aperture ration..................................................................................................171
耦合器 coupler.......................................................................................................171
光管 light tubes.......................................................................................................171
脈衝燈 pulsed lamp.....................................................................................................172
光譜燈 spectroscopic lamp..........................................................................................173
基準燈 reference lamp..................................................................................................173
次級標準燈 secondary standard lamp...........................................................................173
工作標準燈 working standard lamp..............................................................................173
4-6 光源材料
透明導電薄膜 transparent conductive oxide thin film；TCO.......................................174
紅外線反射膜 infrared reflective film.........................................................................174
透明陶瓷 transparent ceramics...............................................................................174
有機EL元件 electroluminescence；EL....................................................................175
磷光 phosphorescence..............................................................................................175
餘 輝 afterglow.................................................................................................175
螢光 fluorescence.....................................................................................................176
螢光材料 fluorescent material..............................................................................176
磷光體；螢光體；發光體 uminophor；phosphor；fluorophor...................................176
閃爍體 scintillator.............................................................................................177
光導體 optical conductors.................................................................................177
燈管製程 lamp manufacturing process..................................................................177
燈管材料 lamp materials.......................................................................................178
4-7 安定器
安定器(鎮流器) ballast.............................................................................................179
電磁式安定器 magnetic ballast；electro-magentic ballast...................................179
混合式安定器 cathode cut-out ballast；hybrid ballast.............................................179
電子安定器 electronic ballast.............................................................................180
落後型安定器 lag-circuit ballast..............................................................................180
領先型安定器 lead ballast.......................................................................................180
P級安定器 class-p ballast..........................................................................................181
半導體安定器 semiconductor ballast.......................................................................181
基準安定器 reference ballast.....................................................................................181
電流峰波因數 current crest factor；CCF..................................................................181
功率因數 power factor；PF.......................................................................................182 目錄
- 19 -

總諧波失真 total harmonics distortion；THD..........................................................182
光閃爍指數 flick index..........................................................................................183
電磁干擾 electronic magnetic interference；EMI........................................................183
安定器光輸出比；安定器流明係數 ballast lumen factor；BF....................................183
安定器功率比 ballast efficacy factor；BEF................................................................183
效能指數 energy efficiency index；EEI....................................................................183
熱防護等級 thermal protection...............................................................................184
4-8 相關部件
燈帽；燈頭 cap；base..............................................................................................185
螺口式燈帽 screw cap；screw base (USA)...................................................................186
插入式燈帽 bayonet cap；bayonet base (USA)...........................................................186
圓筒式燈帽 shell cap；shell base (USA).................................................................186
插腳式燈帽 pin cap；pin base (USA)......................................................................186
預聚焦式燈帽 prefocus cap ；prefocus base (USA)....................................................187
燈座 lampholder...................................................................................................187
卡口銷釘 bayonet pin............................................................................................187
接觸片 contact plate;eyelet(USA)...........................................................................187
插腳 pin；post....................................................................................................187
連接器(燈的) connector of lamp.............................................................................187
主電極(放電燈的) main electrode (of a discharge lamp)..............................................187
啟動電極(放電燈的) starting electrode (of a discharge lamp)......................................187
放電管 arc tube..............................................................................................188
發射物質 emissive material..................................................................................188
啟動帶 starting strip；starting stripe (USA).........................................................188
啟動裝置 starting device........................................................................................188
4-9 燈光的狀態
特徵 (燈光信號) character (of a light signal)；characteristic (of a light signal).............189
固定燈 fixed light.......................................................................................................189
間歇燈光 rhythmic light..........................................................................................189
閃爍燈光 flashing light...............................................................................................189
等相燈光 isophase light.............................................................................................189
隱顯燈光 occulting light........................................................................................189
交變燈光 alternating light......................................................................................189
日光幻象 sun phantom...........................................................................................189
微光(燈光的) loom (of a light)...................................................................................189
有效強度(閃爍燈光的) effective intensity (of a flashing light).....................................190 目錄
- 20 -

第五章 照明燈具
5-1 燈具之控光部件
投光器；泛光燈floodlight ............................................................................................. 191
反射器 reflector .............................................................................................................. 192
折射器 refractor .............................................................................................................. 192
稜紋板 prismatic lenses .................................................................................................. 192
擴散板 diffuser ............................................................................................................... 193
格柵 louver ..................................................................................................................... 193
遮光罩 spill shield .......................................................................................................... 193
拋物面反射罩 parabolic reflector .................................................................................. 194
橢圓反射罩 elliptical reflector ....................................................................................... 194
球面反射罩 spherical reflector ...................................................................................... 194
複合式反射罩；不對稱反射罩 compound reflector；asymmetric reflector ............... 195
透鏡 lens ......................................................................................................................... 195
菲湼爾透鏡 Fresnel lenses ............................................................................................. 196
彩色膠片 colored film .................................................................................................... 196
偏光鏡polarizer .............................................................................................................. 196
5-2 燈具之類型
基本原理 ......................................................................................................................... 197
照明燈具 luminarie ........................................................................................................ 197
普通器具 ordinary luminaire ......................................................................................... 197
對稱型照明器具 symmertical luminaire ....................................................................... 197
非對稱型照明器具 asymmertical luminaire .................................................................. 197
廣照型照明器具 wide angle luminaire .......................................................................... 197
狹照型照明器具 narrow angle luminaire ...................................................................... 197
可調式燈具 adjustable luminaire ................................................................................... 198
可移動式燈具 portable luminaire .................................................................................. 198
懸掛式燈具 pendant luminaire；suspended luminaire (USA) ...................................... 198
線型懸掛式燈具linear pendant lighting ........................................................................ 199
升降式懸掛式燈具 rise and fall pendant ....................................................................... 199
嵌入式燈具 recessed luminaire...................................................................................... 199
吸頂燈 ceiling luminaire；surface mounted luminaire ................................................. 200
槽形燈具 troffer ............................................................................................................. 200
格柵燈具 coffer .............................................................................................................. 201
下射型燈具 downlight ................................................................................................... 201
固定式燈具 fixed luminaire ........................................................................................... 201
壁燈燈具 bulkhead luminaire；wall luminaire ............................................................. 201 目錄
落地燈 stand lamp；floor lamp (USA) .......................................................................... 202
檯燈 table lamp............................................................................................................... 202
手提燈 hand-lamp；trouble lamp (USA) ...................................................................... 203
手電筒 torch；flashlight (USA) .................................................................................... 203
燈串 lighting chain；lighting string (USA) ................................................................... 203
投光燈 projector ............................................................................................................. 203
探照燈searchlight ........................................................................................................... 204
聚光燈 spotlight ............................................................................................................. 204
特殊泛光燈 special floodlight ....................................................................................... 205
軌道燈 tack-mounted luminaire ..................................................................................... 205
枝型吊燈 chandelier ....................................................................................................... 206
柔光照明 softlight .......................................................................................................... 206
碗形罩 bowl ................................................................................................................... 206
球形罩 globe .................................................................................................................. 206
燈罩 shade ...................................................................................................................... 206
照明器具的配光分類 classification by luminous intensity distribution ....................... 207
特殊燈具 ......................................................................................................................... 208
單燈型燈具 single-set luminaire；SS ........................................................................... 208
雙燈型燈具 double-set luminaire；DS ......................................................................... 208
反射型聚光燈 reflector spotlight ................................................................................... 208
透鏡聚光燈 lens spotlight .............................................................................................. 208
菲湼爾透鏡聚光燈 Fresnel spotlight ............................................................................. 208
輪廓聚光燈 profile spotlight........................................................................................ 208
火焰安全燈 flame safety lamps ..................................................................................... 208
信號燈 signal light ......................................................................................................... 208
漂浮燈 float light ............................................................................................................ 209
本質安全燈 intrinsically safe luminaire ......................................................................... 209
5-3 燈具的光學特性
光軸 light axis ................................................................................................................ 210
佈光角 beam spread ....................................................................................................... 210
光束角beam angle .......................................................................................................... 210
1/2照度角 half illuminance angle.................................................................................. 211
半邊峰角 one-half-peak spread ...................................................................................... 211
遮光角 shielding angle ................................................................................................... 211
截光 cut-off .................................................................................................................... 211
截光角(燈具的) cut-off angle (of a luminaire) ............................................................... 212 目錄
- 22 -

配光 luminous intensity distribution .............................................................................. 212
配光曲線 distribution curve( of luminous intensity ); distribution of luminous intensity212
配光曲線第一軸 first axis (of a luminaire when measured in the C,γ coordinate system) ................................................................................................................................................. 215
配光曲線主要截面principal plane (of the luminaire light distribution) ........................ 215
旋轉角度rotation (of the luminaire) ............................................................................... 215
照度矢量(一點上的) illuminance vector (at a point) ..................................................... 215
軸對稱配光 rotational symmetry luminous intensity distribution ................................. 215
非對稱配光 asymmetrical luminous intensity distribution ............................................ 216
對稱光強分布 symmetrical luminous intensity distribution .......................................... 216
平均球面光強度(光源的) mean spherical luminous intensity (of a source) .................. 216
拉塞圖 Rousseau diagram .............................................................................................. 216
球帶係數法 zonal factor method ................................................................................... 216
等光度圖 iso-intensity diagram ..................................................................................... 217
正弦等光度圖 isointensity diagram on the sinusoidal projection .................................. 218
圓等光度圖 isointensity diagram on the projection ....................................................... 219
形態係數 form factor ..................................................................................................... 219
投光燈參考方向reference direction (of a fooodlight) ................................................... 220
5-4 燈具之其他性能
防護等級 ingress protection；IP ................................................................................... 221
燈具製程 luminaire manufacturing process ................................................................... 222
燈具材料 luminaire materials.........................................................................................222
第六章 半導體照明
6-1 基本術語
LED元件 ........................................................................................................................ 223
半導體 semiconductor .................................................................................................... 223
半導體元件(半导体器件) semiconductor device ........................................................... 223
半導體安定器(镇流器) semiconductor ballast ............................................................... 223
半導體二極體semiconductor diode ............................................................................... 223
固態照明solid state lighting ........................................................................................... 223
發光二極體(发光二极管) light-emitting diode；LED .................................................. 224
半導體照明 semiconductor lighting .............................................................................. 224
雷射二極體；雷射二极管；半導體電射 laser diode .................................................. 225
基板(衬底) substrate ....................................................................................................... 225
磊晶片(外延片) epitaxial wafer ...................................................................................... 225 目錄
- 23 -

LED組件LED discreteness............................................................................................ 226
晶粒 chip ........................................................................................................................ 226
LED晶片(粒) light-emitting diode chip ......................................................................... 226
LED元件 LED componet .............................................................................................. 226
LED模組(LED模块) LED module ............................................................................... 226
LED陣列 LED array ...................................................................................................... 226
LED系統 LED system ................................................................................................... 226
內部量子效率(内量子效率) internal quantum efficiency .............................................. 226
出光效率(出光效率) light extraction efficiency ............................................................. 226
注入效率 injection efficiency ........................................................................................ 227
外部量子效率(外量子效率) external quantum efficiency ............................................. 227
輻射效率radiant efficiency ............................................................................................ 227
光譜頻帶寬度 spectral radiation bandwidth；Δλ ........................................................... 227
主發光波長(主波長)domain wavelength；λd ................................................................ 227
重心波長centroid wavelength ........................................................................................ 227
半光強度發射角 half intensity angle；θhp .................................................................... 227
光譜功率分布 spectral power distriburion；P(λ) .......................................................... 228
峰值發光波長 peak-emission wavelength；λp .............................................................. 228
光譜半高波寬 spectral half-width bandwidth；Δλ1/2..................................................... 228
光效下降現象 LED droop ............................................................................................. 229
照明综合效率lamp and auxiliary efficacy ..................................................................... 229
對向角angular subtense；α ............................................................................................ 230
6-2 LED類型
單色LED(单色光LED) monochromatic light LED ...................................................... 231
白光LED(白光LED) white light LED .......................................................................... 231
紫外LED ultra-violet light emitting diodes .................................................................... 232
砲彈型封裝LED(直插式LED ) Dual In-line Package LED ......................................... 232
表面封裝型LED(贴片式LED) Surface Mounted Devices LED；SMD LED ............. 233
小功率LED low power LED .......................................................................................... 233
高功率LED power LED ................................................................................................. 233
LED數位管(LED数码管) LED nixietube ..................................................................... 233
LED顯示器LED panel .................................................................................................. 234
LED背光源 LED backlight ........................................................................................... 234
LED背光元件 LED backlight unit ................................................................................ 235
LED驅動器 LED Driver ............................................................................................... 235
LED模塊 LED module .................................................................................................. 235
LED集束管 LED clusters .............................................................................................. 235 目錄
- 24 -
突波電流(LED) Inrush Current ....................................................................................... 235
浪湧電流(LED) surge current ......................................................................................... 236
6-3 LED製程與封裝
磊晶(外延) epitaxy .......................................................................................................... 237
量子井 quantum well ..................................................................................................... 237
單層量子井(单量子阱) single quantum well ................................................................. 237
多層量子井(多量子阱) multi-quantum well .................................................................. 237
有機金屬化合物半導體磊晶技術(金属有机化学汽相沉积)metal organic chemical vapor deposition；MOCVD ............................................................................................ 237
超晶格 super lattice ........................................................................................................ 237
異質結構(异质结) heterogeneous structure .................................................................... 237
單異質結構(单异质结) single heterojunction ................................................................ 238
雙異質結構(双异质结) double heterojunction ............................................................... 238
圖形化基板(图形化衬底) pattern substrate .................................................................... 238
濕式蝕刻wet etching ...................................................................................................... 238
乾式蝕刻dry etching ...................................................................................................... 238
曝光exposure .................................................................................................................. 238
烘烤(烘胶) baking ........................................................................................................... 238
蒸鍍 evaporation............................................................................................................. 238
雷射剝離(激光剥离) laser lift-off ................................................................................... 238
歐姆接觸ohmic contact .................................................................................................. 239
氧化銦錫電極indium tin oxide electrode ...................................................................... 239
基板黏合(衬底转移) substrate transfer metalbonding/metal bonding ........................... 239
金屬反射層reflective metal electrode ............................................................................ 239
同側電極結構lateral electrode structure ........................................................................ 239
垂直電極結構 vertical electrode structure ..................................................................... 239
承載基板support substrate ............................................................................................. 239
表面粗化surface roughening .......................................................................................... 239
傳統晶粒(正装芯片) normal chip ................................................................................... 239
覆晶晶粒(倒装芯片) flip chip ........................................................................................ 240
晶片分選(芯片分选) chip sorting ................................................................................... 240
蝕刻(光刻) etching .......................................................................................................... 240
嵌入電極(内陷电极) recessed electrode ......................................................................... 240
互補電極complementary electrode ................................................................................ 240
N極出光(N面出光) light extraction from N sid ........................................................... 240
側面鈍化lateral passivation ........................................................................................... 240
支架 leadframe；frame .................................................................................................. 240 目錄
- 25 -
點膠coat .......................................................................................................................... 240
固晶(装架) die attachment /die bond .............................................................................. 240
固化(銀膠固化) (烧结) sinter ......................................................................................... 241
打線(引线键合) wire bonding ......................................................................................... 241
LED封裝LED package .................................................................................................. 241
嵌入(灌封) embedding .................................................................................................... 241
塑封moulding ................................................................................................................. 241
點膠封裝coating package ............................................................................................... 241
散熱片(热沉) heat sink ................................................................................................... 241
共晶結合(共晶焊) eutectic bonding ............................................................................... 241
透明介質transparent medium ......................................................................................... 241
固化(環氧固化) cure ....................................................................................................... 241
切腳(切筋) dam-bar cut ................................................................................................... 242
氣泡 air bladder .............................................................................................................. 242
黑點stain ......................................................................................................................... 242
變色discoloration............................................................................................................ 242
刮痕(划痕) nick ............................................................................................................... 242
切割 scribing .................................................................................................................. 242
切離 breaking ................................................................................................................. 242
前段製程 Front-End-of-the-Line ; FEOL ...................................................................... 242
後段製程 Back-End-of-the-Line ; BEOL ...................................................................... 242
6-4 LED測試
部分光通量 partial luminous flux .................................................................................. 243
指向特性 direcrivily characteristics ............................................................................... 243
平均發光強度 averaged luminous Intensity .................................................................. 243
LED光束維持率 LED lumen maintenance ................................................................... 244
環境溫度 ambient temperature ...................................................................................... 244
接面溫度(额定结温) junction temperature ..................................................................... 244
額定接面溫度(额定结温) rated junction temperature .................................................... 245
額定最大溫度 rated maximum temperature；tc ........................................................... 245
外殼溫度(管壳温度) case temperature ........................................................................... 245
tq溫度ambient temperature of luminaire performance；tq ............................................ 245
tp-點 tp-point .................................................................................................................... 245
tp溫度 tp temperature ...................................................................................................... 245
熱阻 thermal resistance；θ ............................................................................................ 245
接面-外殼熱阻(结-管壳热阻) thermal resistance from junction to case ....................... 245
接面-環境熱阻(结-环境热阻) thermal resistance from junction to ambient ................. 246 目錄
- 26 -
測量點最大允許溫度 maximum permissible temperature of measurement point ........ 246
焊點最大允許溫度maximum permissible temperature of solder point......................... 246
工作溫度範圍 operating temperature range；Top ......................................................... 246
存儲溫度範圍 storage temperature range；Tstg............................................................. 246
主波長溫度範圍 temperature coefficient of the dominant wavelength；TCdom ........... 246
正向電壓溫度係數 temperature coefficient of the forward voltage .............................. 246
光參數溫度系數 temperature coefficient of the photometric parameter ....................... 246
LED壽命 ........................................................................................................................ 247
壽命 life .......................................................................................................................... 247
元件壽命 LED component life....................................................................................... 247
模組壽命 LED module life ............................................................................................ 247
L70%(小時) LED life time70% ......................................................................................... 247
L50% (小時) LED life time50% ........................................................................................ 248
群體壽命 LED group life ............................................................................................... 248
LED一般壽命試驗life test ............................................................................................ 248
LED之加速壽命評估 accelerated test .......................................................................... 248
LED電氣特性 ................................................................................................................ 248
靜電放電electrostatic discharge ..................................................................................... 248
ESD失效電壓(静电放电电压敏感值) lectrostatic discharge sensitivity；ESDS ........ 248
靜電耐受電壓(静电放电耐受电压)withstand voltage................................................... 249
人體放電模式(人体模式静电放电) human body model；HBM ESD ......................... 249
機器放電模式(机器模式静电放电) machine model；MM ESD .................................. 249
總電容 capacitance ......................................................................................................... 249
壽命 life time .................................................................................................................. 249
順向電流(正向电流) forward current；IF ...................................................................... 249
順向電壓(正向电压) forward voltage；VF .................................................................... 249
逆向電流(反向电流) reverse current；IR ....................................................................... 250
逆向電壓(反向电压)reverse voltage；VR ...................................................................... 250
最大順向電流(最大正向电流) maximum forward-current；IFM ................................ 250
最大順向峰值電流(最大正向峰值电流) forward peak-current；IFPM .......................... 250
擊穿電壓breakdown voltage；VBR ................................................................................ 250
LED額定功率(额定功耗) LED rated power consumption；Pm .................................. 250
額定電流(安定器內藏式LED燈泡) rated current (self-converted LED lamp) ............ 250
額定電壓(安定器內藏式LED燈泡) rated voltage (self-converted LED lamp) ........... 250
最大輸出電壓 maximum output voltage ....................................................................... 250
額定功率(安定器內藏式LED燈泡) rated wattage (self-converted LED lamp)........... 250 目錄
- 27 -

電壓-電流特性 voltage-current characteristic ............................................................... 251
反應時間(响应时间) response time ................................................................................ 251
擴散電流 diffusion current ............................................................................................. 251
飄移電流drift current ..................................................................................................... 251
加熱電流 heating current；IH ........................................................................................ 251
加熱電壓 heating voltage；VH ...................................................................................... 251
加熱功率 heating power；PH ......................................................................................... 251
隔離電容(势垒电容) barrier capacitance ....................................................................... 251
擴散電容diffusion capacitance ...................................................................................... 252
微變電阻 tiny change of resistor .................................................................................... 252
LED模塊用電子控制裝置 electronic controlgear for LED modules ........................... 252
直流或交流控制裝置 d.c. or a.c. supplied controlgear ................................................. 252
等效安全特低電壓控制裝置safety extra-low voltage (SELV)-equivalent controlgear252
獨立式安全特低電壓控制裝置 independent SELV controlgear .................................. 252
插入式控制裝置 plug-in controlgear ............................................................................. 252
恆壓控制裝置的額定輸出電壓rated output voltage for constant bltage controlgear ... 253
恆流控制裝置的額定輸出電流rated output current for constant voltage controlgear . 253
額定頻率 rated frequency .............................................................................................. 253
帶電部件 live part .......................................................................................................... 253
量測電流 measuring current；IM ................................................................................... 253
電流總諧波失真 total harmonic distortion, THDi ......................................................... 253
K係數 K factor .............................................................................................................. 253
總電路功率 total circuit power ...................................................................................... 253
電路功率因數 circuit power factor；λ .......................................................................... 254
高音頻阻抗型控制裝置 high audio-frequency impedance control gear ....................... 254
總輸入功率 total input power ........................................................................................ 254
電冷卻溫度控制 electric thermal cooler；ETC ............................................................ 254
LED模組(元件)參考點溫度 .......................................................................................... 254
操作溫度 operation temperature .................................................................................... 254
允許操作溫度範圍 allowance of operation temperature range ..................................... 254
枯化點燈(老练) aging ..................................................................................................... 254
控制裝置 controlgear ..................................................................................................... 255
初始光通量 initial luminous flux ................................................................................... 255
額降功率曲線 derating curve ........................................................................................ 255
最大允許功耗 pfm ......................................................................................................... 255
定電流(恆流源) ............................................................................................................... 255
動作電流 operation current ............................................................................................ 255
定電壓(恆壓源) constant voltage .................................................................................... 256 目錄
V-I特性 V-I characteristic ............................................................................................. 256
I-V特性 I-V characteristic ............................................................................................. 256
驅動電路 ......................................................................................................................... 256
定電壓LED驅動constant voltage LED driver ............................................................. 256
定電流LED驅動constant current LED driver .............................................................. 256
工作週期控制duty cycle ................................................................................................ 256
同時驅動點亮 same transformer.................................................................................... 257
個別驅動點亮single transformer ................................................................................... 257
脈波寬度調變pulse-width modulation，PWM ............................................................. 257
6-5 LED的材料
半導體發光二極體用螢光粉phosphor for LED ........................................................... 258
相對亮度 relative brightness；Br .................................................................................. 258
發射光譜 emission spectrum.......................................................................................... 258
激發波長 excitation wavelength；λex ............................................................................ 258
激發光譜(发射光谱) excitation spectrum ...................................................................... 258
主峰值波長(发射主峰) main emission peak；λem ......................................................... 258
光譜顏帶寬度(半宽度) full width at half maximum；FWHM ..................................... 258
能量(功率)效率 energy efficiency；ηp .......................................................................... 258
發光效率(流明效率) luminous efficiency；ηl ............................................................... 258
劣化deterioration ............................................................................................................ 259
紅色比red ratio；R ........................................................................................................ 259
體色body color ............................................................................................................... 259
機械雜質mechanical impurity ....................................................................................... 259
比表面積 specific surface area ....................................................................................... 259
密度density；ρ ............................................................................................................... 259
視密度 apparent density；Pa .......................................................................................... 259
粒徑分布 particle size distribution ................................................................................. 259
中心粒徑 medium particle diameter；d50 ...................................................................... 259
平均粒徑 mean diameter；dm ........................................................................................ 260
熱穩定性 thermal stability ............................................................................................. 260
化學穩定性 chemical stability ....................................................................................... 260
pH值pH value ................................................................................................................ 260
電導率 conductivity；δ ................................................................................................. 260
氮化鋁鎵 AlGaN ............................................................................................................ 260
電流阻擋層current block ............................................................................................... 260 目錄
- 29 -

6-6 LED燈具與應用
一般照明 ......................................................................................................................... 261
雙端直管LED燈 double straight tubular LED lamp .................................................... 261
LED燈具LED luminaire ............................................................................................... 261
LED平板燈具LED plat panel ....................................................................................... 261
安定器內藏式LED模組self-ballasted LED module .................................................... 261
整體式LED模組integral LED module ......................................................................... 262
整體安定器內藏式LED模組integral self-ballasted LED module............................... 262
內嵌入式LED模組 Built-in LED module ................................................................... 262
安定器內藏式發光二極體燈泡self-ballasted LED lamp ............................................. 262
型號(安定器內藏式LED燈泡) type (self-ballasted LED lamp) .................................. 262
獨立式LED模組independent LED module ................................................................. 262
獨立式安定器LED模組independent self-ballasted LED module ............................... 262
非整體式LED燈 non-integrated；LED lamp .............................................................. 262
電洞(空穴) hole ............................................................................................................... 262
導光板 light guide board ................................................................................................ 263
LED光引擎LED light engine ........................................................................................ 263
混合型LED燈具Hybrid LED luminaire ...................................................................... 263
信號燈 ............................................................................................................................. 263
LED交通號誌燈(LED交通信号灯) LED traffic sign lamp ......................................... 263
LED信號燈 LED signal light ........................................................................................ 263
LED標誌燈LED marker light ....................................................................................... 263
LED 航標燈LED pharos light ....................................................................................... 263
汽車用燈 ......................................................................................................................... 263
LED汽車燈LED motorcar lamp ................................................................................... 263
LED方向燈(LED转向灯) LED turning light ................................................................ 264
LED車頭燈(LED前照灯) LED head light .................................................................... 264
LED煞車燈(LED刹车灯) LED brake light .................................................................. 264
景觀照明 ......................................................................................................................... 264
LED景觀燈 LED landscape light .................................................................................. 264
LED像素燈 LED pixel lamp ......................................................................................... 265
LED燈條(LED灯带) LED lighting cincture ................................................................. 265
LED可撓式照明燈LED flexible lamp .......................................................................... 265
LED投射燈LED projector ............................................................................................ 265
LED泛光燈LED flood light .......................................................................................... 266 目錄
- 30 -

LED壁燈 LED wall light ............................................................................................... 266
戶外裝飾照明 ................................................................................................................. 266
LED異型燈(LED异形灯) LED strange lamp ............................................................... 266
LED水底燈(LED水底灯) LED under-water lamp ....................................................... 267
LED地底燈(LED地埋灯) LED buried lamp ................................................................ 267
普通照明 ......................................................................................................................... 268
多重反射罩LED Multifaceted Reflector LED ............................................................... 268
LED路燈 LED street lamp ............................................................................................ 268
LED檯燈 LED table lamp ............................................................................................. 269
LED手電筒LED flashlight ............................................................................................ 269
LED閃光燈 LED photoflash lamp ................................................................................ 270
LED投影燈 LED projection lamp ................................................................................. 270
安全照明 ......................................................................................................................... 270
LED頭燈LED cap light ................................................................................................. 270
LED防爆燈 LED flameproof lamp ............................................................................... 270
LED礦燈LED mine lamp .............................................................................................. 270
LED緊急照明燈LED emergency lamp ........................................................................ 270
LED隧道燈LED tunnel lamp ........................................................................................ 271
規劃設計應用 ................................................................................................................. 271
照明率(LED) LED utilization ......................................................................................... 271
維護率(LED) LED maintenance ..................................................................................... 272
分色(LED) LED binning ................................................................................................. 272
第七章 照明計算與量測驗證
7-1 照明的計算
照明計算 lighting calculation ........................................................................................ 273
逐點法 point by point method；point method ............................................................... 273
光通量法 lumen method；flux method ......................................................................... 273
光源總光通量輸出 total lamp lumen output ................................................................. 274
全光通量 total luminous flux ......................................................................................... 274
累積光通量 cumulative flux .......................................................................................... 274
球面帶光通量zonal flux ................................................................................................ 274
向下光通量 downward flux ........................................................................................... 274 目錄
- 31 -

向上光通量 upward flux ................................................................................................ 274
累積向下光通量比 cumulative downward flux proportion ........................................... 275
光通量三聯體(光源的) flux triplet (of a source) ............................................................ 275
光通量規則(燈具的) flux code (of a luminaire) ............................................................. 275
初始照度 beginning illuminance.................................................................................... 275
初期平均照度 initial average illuminance；EAV,i；Ei .................................................. 275
使用照度service illuminance ......................................................................................... 275
基準照明 reference lighting ........................................................................................... 276
維持照度 maintenance illuminance ............................................................................... 276
初期平均輝度 initial average luminance；LAV,i；Li .................................................... 276
燈具效率 luminaire efficiency；light output ratio；LOR ............................................ 276
光學光輸出效率 optical light output ratio ..................................................................... 276
向下燈具效率 downward light output ratio；DLOR ....................................................... 277
向下光通量損耗(燈具的) downward flux fraction (of a luminaire) .............................. 277
放大率 magnification ratio ............................................................................................. 277
直接光通量 direct flux ................................................................................................... 277
間接光通量 indirect flux ................................................................................................ 278
光源燈光通密度 installed lamp flux density ................................................................. 278
照明裝置光通密度 installation flux density .................................................................. 278
基準面 reference surface ................................................................................................ 278
作業面 working plane；work plane............................................................................... 278
利用面 uitization plane ................................................................................................... 278
參考面 reference plane ................................................................................................... 278
天花板高度 ceiling height ............................................................................................. 278
應用傾斜角 tilt in application (of a luminaire)；θf ....................................................... 279
基準照明 reference lighting ........................................................................................... 279
距離測試相關 ................................................................................................................. 279
發光中心 light center ..................................................................................................... 279
測量距離 (對於光度測量) test distance (for photometric measurements) .................... 279
間距(照明裝置中的) spacing (in an installation) ........................................................... 279
接近度 proximity (in an installation in an interior) ........................................................ 279
直接光束比 direct ratio (of an interior lighting installation) ......................................... 279
燈高 suspension length ................................................................................................... 279
暴露距離 exposure distance ........................................................................................... 280
懸掛係數 suspension factor ........................................................................................... 280
垂直光度角 vertical photometric angle (of a light path)................................................ 280
照明利用係數 coefficient of utilization (USA)；CU .................................................... 280 目錄
- 32 -
照明利用率 utilization factor；U .................................................................................. 281
換算照明率；對比照明利用率 reduced utilization factor ........................................... 281
固有照明利用率 utilance；U ........................................................................................ 281
對比固有照明利用率 reduced utilance ......................................................................... 281
傳遞係數(相互的) (mutual) exchange coefficient .......................................................... 282
自傳遞係數self-exchange coefficient ............................................................................ 282
內反射比interreflection ratio ......................................................................................... 282
室指數；空間係數；空間比 room index；room cavity ratio；RCR；floor cavity index；floor cavity index ............................................................................................................. 282
燈具配置 luminaire arrangement ................................................................................... 283
維護率 maintenance factor；MF ................................................................................... 284
房間表面維護率 room surface maintenance factor；RSMF ........................................ 284
光通量維護係數；光通維持率 luminous flux maintenance factor；lamp lumen maintenance factor；lamp luminous flux maintenance factor；LLMF；fLLM ............ 284
燈具灰塵衰減係數 luminaire dirt depreciation；LDD ................................................. 285
室內表面灰塵衰減係數 room surface dirt depreciation；RSDD ................................. 285
折減率 depreciation factor；D ...................................................................................... 286
光衰減 light lose............................................................................................................. 286
光衰係數 light loss factor；LLF ................................................................................... 286
照明維護係數 lighting maintenance factor；LMF；fLM ............................................ 287
境界積分法 contour integration method for illuminance caculation ............................. 288
輝度曲線法luminance curve method ............................................................................. 289
照度分布曲線 illumination distribution curve ............................................................... 290
等輝度(亮度)曲線 isoluminance curve; iso-intensity line ............................................. 290
等照度曲線圖 iso-illuminance curve；iso-illuminance line ......................................... 290
7-2 測量方式
測光；光度學photometry .............................................................................................. 292
輻射度學 radiometry ...................................................................................................... 293
色度測量 colorimerty ..................................................................................................... 293
輻射計 radiometer .......................................................................................................... 293
目視光度學 visual photometry ...................................................................................... 293
目視色度學 visual colorimetry ...................................................................................... 293
物理光度學 physical photometry ................................................................................... 293
物理色度學 physical colorimetry .................................................................................. 293
量測設備 ......................................................................................................................... 293
測光計photometer .......................................................................................................... 293 目錄
- 33 -

照度計 illuminance meter .............................................................................................. 294
球型測光計；積分光度計integrating photometer ........................................................ 294
輝度計 luminance meter ................................................................................................. 294
色度計 colorimeter ......................................................................................................... 294
交照測光器flicker photometer ....................................................................................... 295
等視輝度光度計 equality of brightness photometer ...................................................... 295
等對比度光度計 equality of contrast photometer ......................................................... 295
分布光度計 goniophotometer ........................................................................................ 295
分布輻射計 gonioradiometer ......................................................................................... 295
反射計 reflectometer ...................................................................................................... 295
密度計 densitometer ....................................................................................................... 295
曝輻射量計 radiant exposure meter ............................................................................... 295
光澤計 gloss meter ......................................................................................................... 295
選擇性探測器(光輻射的) selective detector (of opticalra diation) ................................ 296
非選擇性探測器(光輻射的) non-selectived etector (of opticalra diation) ..................... 296
光電二極管photodiode .................................................................................................. 296
光電晶體管phototransistor ............................................................................................ 296
量子探測器(非選擇性) quantum detector (non-selective) ............................................. 296
光子計數器photon c ounter ........................................................................................... 296
熱輻射探測器thermal detector of radiation;thermal (radiation)detector ....................... 296
絕對熱探測器absolute thermal detector ........................................................................ 296
自校准熱探測器self-calibrating thermal detector ......................................................... 297
熱電偶(輻射) (radiation) thermocouple .......................................................................... 297
熱電堆(輻射) (radiation) thermopile ............................................................................... 297
輻射熱測量計bolometer ................................................................................................ 297
熱釋電探測器pyroelectric detector ............................................................................... 297
積分球 integrating sphere ............................................................................................... 297
烏布利希球 Ulbricht sphere ........................................................................................... 298
分光光度計 spectrophotometer ...................................................................................... 298
標準電燈泡 standard lamp ............................................................................................. 298
測光標準電泡 photometric standard lamp ..................................................................... 299
比較燈 comparison lamp；reference lamp .................................................................... 299
反應時間 response time of a detector ............................................................................ 299
分光輻射儀 spectroradiometer....................................................................................... 299
單色光器Monochromator .............................................................................................. 300
輸入(光輻射探測器的) input (for a detector of opticalr adiation) ................................. 300
輸出(光輻射探測器的) output (for a detector of optical radiation) ............................... 300
光電流 photocurrent；Iph ............................................................................................... 300 目錄
暗電流dark current；Io .................................................................................................. 300
響應度 responsivity；s .................................................................................................. 300
靈敏度(探測器的) sensitivity (of a detector) .................................................................. 300
相對響應度relativer esponsivitys (λ) ............................................................................. 300
相對靈敏度(探測器的) relative sensitivity (of a detector) ............................................. 301
相對光譜響應度relative spectral responsivity；s(λ) .................................................... 301
相對光譜靈敏度(探測器的) relative spectral sensitivity (of a d etector) ...................... 301
額定值(燈的) rating (of a lamp) ...................................................................................... 301
額定光通量(一種型號燈的) rated luminous flux (of a type of lamp) ............................ 301
額定功率(一種型號燈的) rated power (of a type of lamp) ............................................ 301
額定電壓 rated voltage ................................................................................................... 301
額定電流 rated current ................................................................................................... 301
燈管電流 lamp current ................................................................................................... 301
額定消耗功率 rated power ............................................................................................ 302
線路功率 circuit power .................................................................................................. 302
光通量的波動幅度(交流供電光源的) amplitude of fluctuation of the luminous flux (of a source run on alternating current) ................................................................................. 302
啟動電壓(放電燈的) starting voltage (of a discharge lamp) .......................................... 302
燈電壓(放電燈的) lamp voltage( of a discharge lamp) .................................................. 302
啟動時間(弧光放電燈的) starting time (of an arc discharge lamp) ............................... 302
串聯陰極加熱(放電燈的) series cathode heating (of a discharge lamp)........................ 302
串聯陰極預熱(放電燈的) series cathode preheating (of a discharge lamp) .................. 303
並聯陰極加熱(放電燈的) parallel cathode heating (of a discharge lamp) ..................... 303
並聯陰極預熱(放電燈的) parallel cathode preheating (of a discharge lamp) ................ 303
實驗室檢測 ..................................................................................................................... 303
配光曲線檢測 lighting distribution measurement ......................................................... 303
量測傾斜角 tilt during measurement (of a luminaire)；θm ........................................... 303
標準螢光管光通量測定法 photometric measurement on standard fluorescent lamps . 303
防塵及防水之測試 dustproof and waterproof test ........................................................ 304
耐濕試驗 moisture resistant test..................................................................................... 305
耐久性試驗 durability test ............................................................................................. 306
溫升試驗 temperature raise test ..................................................................................... 306
型式試驗 type test .......................................................................................................... 306
型式試驗樣品 type test sample ...................................................................................... 306
發光二極體檢測 LED measurement ............................................................................. 307
分光測定法 spectrophotometric colorimetry ................................................................. 311
刺激值直讀法 photoelectric tristimulus colorimetry ..................................................... 311 目錄
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光譜修正係數spectral mismatch correction factor (for a photometer)；F* .................. 312
色修正係數colour correction factor ............................................................................... 312
雜散光stray light ............................................................................................................ 312
7-3 測試與驗證
節能績效量測與驗證 Performance Measurement & Verification ................................ 313
測試調整 test and adjustment......................................................................................... 313
驗證程序 verification procedures .................................................................................. 313
性能驗證commission ..................................................................................................... 315
照度測定法 methods of illumination measurements ..................................................... 315
平均照度 average illuminance (of a surface)；Eav,E ..................................................... 316
平均輝度(亮度) average luminance (of a surface)；Lav；L .......................................... 317
照度網格 illuminance grid ............................................................................................. 317
輝度測量法 methods of luminance measurements ........................................................ 317
第八章 照明設計基礎
8-1 照明的基本要件
照明質量 illumination quality ........................................................................................ 319
明視照明 vision luminance ............................................................................................ 319
輝度分布 luminance distribution ................................................................................... 319
輝度對比 luminance contrast ......................................................................................... 320
輝度比 luminance ratio；luminance factor .................................................................... 320
展示面輝度對比 luminance contrast ratio (of a display) ............................................... 321
維護平均輝度 maintained luminance (over a surface)；LAV,m；Lm ............................. 321
輝度均勻度 luminance uniformity；U0 ......................................................................... 321
作業區 task area ............................................................................................................. 321
作業區的推薦照度 recommended illuminances at the task area ................................... 321
照度等級 scale of illuminance ....................................................................................... 323
維護平均照度 maintauned illuminance (over a surface)；EAV,m；Em.......................... 323
作業近旁的照度 illuminance of immediate surroundings ............................................. 323
周遭環境區域 surroundings area ................................................................................... 323
周遭環境的照度 illuminance of surroundings .............................................................. 324
均勻度 uniformity ratio of illuminance；illuminance uniformity；Uo ......................... 324
變異度 diversity；Ud ..................................................................................................... 324
眩光遮蔽 shielding against glare ................................................................................... 324
照度基準 illuminance levels .......................................................................................... 325
展示面環境照度基準 illuminance levels (of a display) ................................................ 326 目錄
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光色 colour aspects ......................................................................................................... 326
維護maintance ................................................................................................................ 327
照明維護值maintance lighting values ........................................................................... 327
8-2 照明方式
燈具配光分類 ................................................................................................................. 328
直接照明 direct lighting ................................................................................................. 328
半直接照明 semi-direct lighting .................................................................................... 328
間接照明 indirect lighting.............................................................................................. 329
半間接照明 semi-indirect lighting ................................................................................. 329
擴散照明 general diffused lighting ................................................................................ 329
室內空間分類 ................................................................................................................. 330
分區一般照明 localized lighting ................................................................................... 330
一般照明 general lighting .............................................................................................. 330
一般照明用燈 general lighting service lamp；GLS lamp ............................................ 330
環境照明 ambient lighting ............................................................................................. 330
局部照明 local lighting .................................................................................................. 331
局部一般照明 localized general lighting ....................................................................... 331
混合照明 mixed lighting ................................................................................................ 331
作業面照明 task lighting ............................................................................................... 332
作業及環境照明 task and ambient lighting ................................................................... 332
8-3 建築化照明
建築化照明 architectural lighting .................................................................................. 333
向上光照明 up-lighting ................................................................................................. 333
向下光照明 down-lighting............................................................................................. 334
凹圓光照明；暗燈槽照明 cove lighting ...................................................................... 335
檐板照明 cornice lighting .............................................................................................. 336
簾箱照明 valance lighting；pelmet lighting ................................................................. 336
流明天花照明luminous ceiling ..................................................................................... 336
百葉天花照明；百葉天花 louverall ceiling；louvered ceiling ................................... 337
平衡照明 balance lighting.............................................................................................. 337
牆面式照明 wall-washing lighting ................................................................................ 337
洗牆燈 wall-washer；wall-washing .............................................................................. 338
扇形的光 scallops of light .............................................................................................. 338
漸層式照明 grazing lighting .......................................................................................... 339 目錄
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8-4 照明設計手法
強調照明 accent lighting................................................................................................ 340
聚光照明 spotlighting .................................................................................................... 340
視覺引導 eye catch ........................................................................................................ 340
強調係數 accent factors；AF ........................................................................................ 340
立體感modelling;tridimensional feeling ........................................................................ 341
焦點與背景輝度比 focus-to-background luminance ratio ............................................ 341
剪影照明 silhouette lighting .......................................................................................... 341
裝飾性燈具 decorative fixture ....................................................................................... 342
背景照明 background lighting ....................................................................................... 342
閃爍式照明 sparkle lighting .......................................................................................... 342
燈串照明 lighting string;lighting chain ......................................................................... 342
指向性照明 directional lighting ..................................................................................... 342
漫射照明 diffused lighting ............................................................................................. 342
補助照明 supplementary lighting .................................................................................. 342
混光照明 blended lighting ............................................................................................. 343
視覺舒適率 visual comfort probability；VCP .............................................................. 343
晝間輔助人工照明 permanent supplementary artificial lighting；PSALI ................... 344
空間亮度評價指標 Feu ................................................................................................. 345
照明設計模擬軟體 lighting design software；lighting simulation software ................ 345
燈具標準IES格式 IES standard file format ................................................................. 345
數位影像系統 digital imaging system ........................................................................... 346
第九章 室內照明設計與應用
9-1 辦公室照明
辦公室照明 office lighting ............................................................................................. 347
辦公室推薦照明要求 lighting requirements recommended for office .......................... 348
開放辦公室照明open-plan office lighting ..................................................................... 348
會議室照明 conference room lighting ........................................................................... 349
嵌入直接低輝度環境照明recessed direct low-brightness ambient .............................. 349
線型懸吊間接環境照明linear pendant indirect ambient ............................................... 349
視覺顯示終端機；視覺顯示設備visual display terminal；VDT；visual display unit；VDU ......................................................................................................................................... 349
干擾區offending zone .................................................................................................... 350
9-2 學校照明
教育設施照明education facility lighting ....................................................................... 351 目錄
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教室照明classroom lighting ........................................................................................... 351
教育建築推薦照明要求 lighting requirements recommended for education buildings 351
教室課桌燈classroom task lighting ............................................................................... 351
黑板燈 black board lighting ........................................................................................... 353
黑板燈配置 black board lighting layout ........................................................................ 354
圖書館照明 library lighting ........................................................................................... 354
閱覽區照明 reading areas lighting ................................................................................. 354
書庫照明bookshelves lighting ....................................................................................... 355
9-3 工廠照明
工廠照明 factory lighting ............................................................................................... 356
工業建築推薦照明要求lighting requirements recommended for industrial buildings . 356
補助作業照明supplementary task lighting .................................................................... 356
潔淨室照明 clean room lighting .................................................................................... 356
倉儲照明warehouse lighting .......................................................................................... 357
低溫倉庫照明 low temperature warehouse lighting ...................................................... 357
檢驗照明 inspection lighting ......................................................................................... 357
一般檢驗照明 inspection with general lighting ............................................................. 357
局部檢驗照明 inspection with localized lighting .......................................................... 357
光意象檢驗照明 inspection with source image ............................................................. 357
9-4 醫院照明
醫院照明 hospital lighting ............................................................................................. 358
醫院推薦照明要求 lighting requirements recommended for hospital .......................... 358
病房照明 patient room lighting ...................................................................................... 358
手術台照明系統 surgical task lighting system .............................................................. 359
無影燈 shadowless operating lamp ................................................................................ 359
9-5 商業照明
商店照明 merchandise lighting ...................................................................................... 360
商店照明光源 light sources for retail spaces ................................................................. 360
商店照明目標 goals of merchandise lighting ................................................................ 360
商店推薦照度要求 illuminance recommended for merchandise .................................. 361
基礎照明 basic lighting .................................................................................................. 362
視覺銷售規劃 visual merchandising；VMD ................................................................ 362
櫥窗展示照明 showcase lighting ................................................................................... 363
投射照明 projection lighting .......................................................................................... 364
商品重點照明 accent lighting for merchandise ............................................................. 364 目錄
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裝飾照明 decorative lighting ......................................................................................... 364
迎賓照明 welcome lighting ........................................................................................... 364
服飾衣架照明 rack lighting ........................................................................................... 365
周圍牆面照明 perimeter wall lighting ........................................................................... 365
試衣間照明 deessing and fitting room lighting ............................................................. 365
櫃台照明 counter lighting .............................................................................................. 365
日常用品架照明 daily case lighting .............................................................................. 365
9-6 體育館照明
體育照明 sports lighting ................................................................................................ 366
體育照明照度 illuminace for sports lighting ................................................................. 366
體育照明均勻度 uniformity for sports lighting ............................................................. 366
體育照明光源 light source for sports lighting ............................................................... 367
體育照明燈具 luminaire for sports lighting .................................................................. 367
照明梯度 illumination gradient ...................................................................................... 367
多功能體育館照明 multi-gym lighting ......................................................................... 367
羽球場照明 feather field lighting................................................................................... 368
游泳館照明 natatorium lighting ..................................................................................... 368
游泳池底照明 underwater pool lighting ........................................................................ 369
9-7 住宅空間照明
住宅照明 residential lighting ......................................................................................... 370
玄關照明 lobby lighting ................................................................................................. 371
起居室照明 living room lighting ................................................................................... 371
餐廳照明 dinning room lighting .................................................................................... 371
廚房照明 kitchen lighting .............................................................................................. 371
浴室照明 bathroom lighting ........................................................................................... 372
臥室照明 bedroom lighting ............................................................................................ 372
書房照明study room lighting ......................................................................................... 372
9-8 旅館照明
旅館大廳照明 hotel lobby lighting ................................................................................ 373
休息室照明lounge lighting ............................................................................................ 373
宴會廳 ballrooms lighting .............................................................................................. 373
客房照明 guest room lighting ........................................................................................ 373
走道照明 corridor lighting ............................................................................................. 373 目錄
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9-9 美術館照明
博物館與美術館照明 museum and gallery lighting ...................................................... 374
博物館與美術館照明照度 illuminance for museum and gallery lighting .................... 374
博物館與美術館照明光源 light source for museum and gallery lighting .................... 374
光源輻射照度 irradiance for light sources .................................................................... 375
光損傷度 light damage................................................................................................... 376
光源損害係數 Damage Factor；DF .............................................................................. 376
勒克司小時 lux-hours .................................................................................................... 377
第十章 室外照明設計與應用
10-1 室外照明
基本概念....................................................................................................................379
室外照明outdoor lighting；exterior lighting.............................................................379
室外照明分類outdoor lighting classification.........................................................379
室外照明光源light source for outdoor lighting......................................................380
城市照明urban lighting.............................................................................................381
夜間室外城市景觀裝飾照明/夜景照明exterior Lighting for the decoration of the night time urban landscape；nightscape lighting........................................................381
夜間景觀(夜景) landscape in night (nightscape) ..............................................383
觀景點 viewing position；viewing point...............................................................383
觀景距離viewing distance.................................................................................384
近景close view；human scale.................................................................................384
中景middle view；street scale...............................................................................384
遠景far view；city view.....................................................................................384
靜態觀景static viewing.....................................................................................384
動態觀景dynamic viewing；mobile view.............................................................384
景觀意境landscape artistic...................................................................................384
硬質景觀hard landscape.....................................................................................384
軟質景觀；植被景觀vegetational landscape..........................................................385
營造景觀creation landscape of lighting................................................................385
剪影silhouettle...................................................................................................385
夜景效果圖案nightscape presentation......................................................................385
夜景天際線nightscape skyline (outline) of urba.....................................................385
照明種類.........................................................................................................385
節日慶典照明festival lighting............................................................................385
建築物夜景照明architecture (building) nightscape lighting……………………...385 目錄
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構造物景觀照明structural nightscape lighting........................................................386
廣場夜景照明square nightscape lighting.................................................................386
道路景觀照明road landscape lighting...............................................................387
商業街景觀照明street landscape lighting.............................................................387
園林夜景照明gardener nightscape lighting...........................................................387
水景照明waterscape lighting..............................................................................387
水底照明underwater lighting................................................................................388
庭園照明yard lighting........................................................................................388
照明規劃.................................................................................................................389
夜景照明規劃planning of nightscape lighting......................................................389
夜景照明總體規劃comprehensive planning of nightscape lighting.........................389
夜景照明詳細規劃detailed planning of nightscape lighting....................................389
照明設計準則.........................................................................................................389
建築立面照度 building façade illuminace...........................................................389
建築立面照明功率密度lighting power density for building façade........................390
建築夜景節能控制energy saving control for building nightscape lighting............390
照明方式...............................................................................................................391
泛光照明floodlighting.......................................................................................391
輪廓照明contour lighting...............................................................................391
藝術玻璃窗照明art glass window lighting.............................................................391
剪影照明法silhouetic lighting...................................................................................391
內透光照明lighting from interior lights..............................................................392
動態照明dynamic lighting..............................................................................392
建築化夜景照明法structural nightscape lighting..................................................392
多元空間立體照明法multiple space modeling lighting...........................................392
層疊照明法layering lighting...................................................................................392
功能光照明法lighting used functional light...........................................................393
特種照明法special lighting............................................................................393
步道直接照明direct lighting for pedestrian ways..................................................393
步道間接照明indirect lighting for pedestrian ways................................................393
步道建築化照明architectureal lightings for pedestrain ways...................................393
步道裝飾及建築化照明decorative and architetural lightings for pedestrian ways..393
10-2 戶外運動場照明
棒球場照明baseball field lighting.........................................................................394 目錄
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足球場照明soccer field lighting............................................................................395
網球場照明tennis field lighting..........................................................................396
單桿多燈multiple luminaires on a single pole......................................................397
一般比賽場照明general arena lighting.................................................................397
主要競賽區域primary playing area；PPA................................................................397
場地邊界區court boundary areas；CBA...............................................................397
投光瞄準floodlight aiming..............................................................................397
目標物投光法target aiming..........................................................................397
預定投光瞄準法degree or preset aiming..............................................................398
泛光燈裝設floodlightimg installation..................................................................398
10-3 道路照明
基本原理...................................................................................................................399
道路照明 roadway lighting................................................................................399
道路照明設計準則roadway lighting criteria.........................................................399
路面平均輝度average road surface luminance；Lav (average luminance) ............400
路面輝度全均勻度overall uniformity of road luminance；Uo..................................401
路面輝度縱向均勻度longitudinal uniformity of road surface lminance；Ul (Lmin/Lmax).............................................................................401
路面平均照度average illuminance of road surface；Eav........................................401
路面照度均勻度 uniformity of road surface；Ue (Emin/Eave) ....................................402
道路照明等級road lighting levels....................................................................402
周圍環境比值surround ratio；SR (Rs) ..................................................................403
道路照明設計因素roadway lighting design consideration....................................403
道路景觀照明road landscape lighting..................................................................404
街道照明street lighting...............................................................................404
路面有效寬度 effective road width....................................................................404
路燈間距與高度 roadway lighting spacing-to-mounting....................................404
路燈光束法計算 lumen method for roadway lighting.............................................405
路燈配光分類 roadway luminaire light distribution............................................406
遮蔽型cut-off..........................................................................................407
半遮蔽型semi-cutoff............................................................................407
無遮蔽型non-cutoff...............................................................................407
路燈配置roadway luminaires layout.....................................................................408
伸出距離(懸挑長度) overhang..........................................................................408
燈臂長度 bracket projection.........................................................................408
安裝方位角 installstion azimuth........................................................................408
常規道路照明 conventional road lighting......................................................408 目錄
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欄杆照明 parapet lighting........................................................................408
燈桿照明 pole lighting..................................................................................409
高桿照明 high mast lighting............................................................................410
半高桿照明；中桿照明 semi-high mast lighting...............................................410
行人穿越道照明 lighting for pedestrian crossing.................................................410
設計速度design speed.....................................................................................410
行人穿越道照度需求illuminance requirement for pedestrian crossing lighting......411
人行道照明sidewalk lighting..................................................................................411
人行道照度需求illuminance requirement for sidewalk lighting.............................411
交通燈traffic light......................................................................................................412
交通標柱traffic bollard.....................................................................................412
界標delineator (USA) ..................................................................................412
道路標誌road marking.............................................................................................412
反光標誌retroreflective sign.....................................................................................412
交互燈reciprocating lights.............................................................................412
視覺引導visual guidance......................................................................................412
路面road surface........................................................................................................413
路面骨料aggregates (of a road surface) ...................................................................413
道路road...................................................................................................................413
主要道路major road.................................................................................413
次要道路minor road...................................................................................413
多目的道路all-purpose road...........................................................................413
自行車道cycle track..................................................................................................413
連絡道路collector road................................................................................413
快速道路 express road............................................................................................413
放射狀道路 radial road.................................................................................413
環狀道路 ring road........................................................................................414
集散道路 distributor road..........................................................................414
人行道 footway........................................................................................................414
地方街道 local street.............................................................................................414
服務道路 service road..................................................................................414
交流道 interchange.......................................................................................414
道路交叉口 intersection.................................................................................414
道路照明功率密度unit power density for roadway lighting installation；lighting power density (of road surface) .......................................................................414
擴散照明之輝度係數luminance coefficient in diffuse illumiation.........................415
長軸向 longitudinal direction............................................................................415
滾動噪音..................................................................................415 目錄
車轍 rutting...............................................................................................................415
10-4 隧道照明
隧道tunnel.............................................................................................................416
長短隧道long short tunnel....................................................................................416
隧道照明tunnel lighting............................................................................................416
隧道燈tunnel luminaire………………............................................................417
隧道入口大門entrance portal (of a road tunnel) ......................................................418
隧道入口區 access zone (of a road tunnel)............................................................418
閾值區 threshold zone...............................................................................................418
閾值區輝度 threshold zone luminance (at a specific location in the threshold zone)；Lth……………………………………………………………………………………419
隧道過渡區 transition zone (of a road tunnel) ..................................................419
隧道過渡區輝度 transition zone luminance (at a particularlocation)；Ltr................419
隧道內部區 interior zone (of a road tunnel) ........................................................419
入口區輝度(亮度) access zone luminance.......................................................419
內部區輝度(亮度) interior zone luminance；Lin....................................................419
隧道對稱光分布 symmetric lighting (in a tunnel) .................................................419
隧道非對稱光分布 asymmetric lighting (in a tunnel)...........................................419
隧道正向配光照明 pro-beam lighting (in a tunnel) ............................................420
隧道反向配光照明counter-beam lighting (in a tunnel) ..........................................420
隧道入口處照明 entrance lighting (of a tunnel) ..................................................420
隧道出口大門 exit portal (of a road tunnel) ........................................................420
隧道出口區 exit zone (of a tunnel) ........................................................................420
隧道分離區 parting zone (of a tunnel) ...............................................................421
隧道出口區照明 exit zone lighting (of a tunnel) .....................................................421
黑洞效應 black hole effect；dark cave effect..........................................................421
白洞效應white cave effect....................................................................................422
連續性隧道照明 continous tunnel lighting..............................................................422
短隧道照明 short tunnel lighting...........................................................................422
10-5 招牌與標誌照明
視覺信號visual signal....................................................................................423
光信號light signal..................................................................................................423
標誌sign...................................................................................................................423
看板照明billboard lighting.................................................................................423
自發光式招牌 luminous-letter sings.......................................................................423
內照式招牌luminous–element sign.......................................................................423 目錄
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外照式招牌floodlighted sings.............................................................................424
行列式顯示板matrix sign..........................................................................................425
公共資訊照明public information lighting.......................................................425
螢光標誌fluorescent sign............................................................................425
招牌辨識性ligibility (of a sign)...............................................................................425
招牌辨識距離ligibility distance (of a sign) .....................................................425
招牌瞥視辨識距離ligibility distance under rapid glance conditions (of a sign)…...426
光學系統optical system (of a light emitting sign) .................................................426
幻影招牌phantom sign..............................................................................................426
反射性招牌refletive sign.............................................................................426
內透式展示transilluminated display..................................................................426
第十一章 特殊照明技術與應用
11-1 劇場與舞台照明
基本原理 .................................................................................................................... 427
舞台照明stage lighting ............................................................................................. 427
舞台照明分類stage lighting classification ............................................................... 427
舞台照明照度illuminance requirement for stage lighting ....................................... 428
調光室dimming room ............................................................................................... 428
天花板投光室ceiling project room .......................................................................... 429
前面投光室front project room.................................................................................. 429
追蹤聚光燈投光室track project room ..................................................................... 429
泛光燈照明設備 ........................................................................................................ 430
場界燈boundary light ............................................................................................... 430
腳燈；腳光footlight ................................................................................................. 430
天幕燈cyclorama light .............................................................................................. 431
毗連燈border light .................................................................................................... 431
側廂燈box room cove position ................................................................................. 431
看台桿燈balcony rail ................................................................................................ 431
回光燈beam projector ............................................................................................... 431
造型燈modeling light ............................................................................................... 431
散光燈scattering light ............................................................................................... 432
光柱燈par can light ................................................................................................... 432
電腦燈moving lighting ............................................................................................. 432
追蹤燈follow spotlight ............................................................................................. 432
平凸透鏡聚光燈 plano convex spotlight ................................................................. 432 目錄
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天花燈及天花燈槽口ceiling and port ...................................................................... 432
第一吊桿燈first electric pipe light ........................................................................... 432
側邊垂直桿架燈side lighting boom ......................................................................... 433
第二吊桿燈second electric pipe light ....................................................................... 433
側翼的梯架燈ladder located in the wing ................................................................. 433
第三吊桿燈third electric pipe light .......................................................................... 433
線腳燈ground row light ............................................................................................ 433
半透明燈translucent light ......................................................................................... 433
移動光movable light ................................................................................................. 433
聚光燈照明設備 ........................................................................................................ 433
光束聚光燈target spotlights ..................................................................................... 433
佛式爾聚光燈 Fresnel Lens spotlight ...................................................................... 434
橢圓反射聚光燈 Ellipsoidal Reflector Spotlight；ERS/LEKO .............................. 434
光源配置及常用光位 ................................................................................................ 434
單一光源法則single source method ......................................................................... 434
多重光源法則multi-source method .......................................................................... 434
麥肯德利司法則McCandless method ...................................................................... 434
面光front light ........................................................................................................... 435
耳光kickers ............................................................................................................... 435
柱光low side light ..................................................................................................... 435
頂光top light ............................................................................................................. 435
逆光back light ........................................................................................................... 435
橋光bridge light ........................................................................................................ 435
天地排光top and ground row light ........................................................................... 435
流動光flowing light .................................................................................................. 436
追光track light .......................................................................................................... 436
11-2 安全防災照明
安全維護照明safety and maintenance lighting ........................................................ 437
緊急照明(应急照明) emergency lighting .............................................................. 437
安全照明safety lighting ............................................................................................ 438
備用照明stand-by lighting ........................................................................................ 438
避難照明(疏散照明) escape lighting ........................................................................ 438
出口標示燈luminaires for emergency exit signs ...................................................... 440
避難方向指示燈 fire emergency guidance lighting ................................................. 440
下照嵌燈型(緊急照明) recessed down-lights for emergency lighting ..................... 441 目錄
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緊急型式安定器光效因素emergency mode ballast lumen factor ........................... 441
11-3 航空照明
航空照明aviation lighting ....................................................................................... 442
航空障礙燈aviation obstacle light；obstruction light ............................................. 442
進入燈 approach lighting .......................................................................................... 443
連鎖式閃光燈 Sequenced Flashing Lights；SFL .................................................... 443
進入角指示燈precision approach path indicator；PAPI ......................................... 443
跑道燈 runway edge lights ....................................................................................... 443
跑道末端燈、跑道末端輔助燈 runway end ........................................................... 443
跑道中心線燈runway centerline lights .................................................................... 443
著地帶燈runway touchdown zone lights .................................................................. 443
誘導路燈taxiway lights ............................................................................................ 444
誘導路中心線燈taxiway centerline lights ................................................................ 444
停止線燈stop bars .................................................................................................... 444
導航地燈aeronautical ground light ........................................................................... 444
機場標誌燈aerodrome beacon ................................................................................. 444
條形燈光barrette....................................................................................................... 444
航道照明runway lighting ......................................................................................... 444
航道燈runway lights ................................................................................................. 444
著陸指示照明系統approach lighting system ........................................................... 445
橫向光帶(由燈組成的) cross bar (of lights) ............................................................. 445
目視著陸斜度指示燈visual approach slope indicator ............................................. 445
航空燈navigation light of an aircraft ........................................................................ 445
防撞燈anti-collision light ......................................................................................... 445
著陸燈 landing light ................................................................................................. 445
11-4 交通照明
機動車輛用燈 ............................................................................................................ 446
日間行車燈 daytime running lights；DRL .............................................................. 446
車頭燈head light；headlight；dipped-beam ........................................................... 446
尾燈rear light ............................................................................................................ 446
倒車燈reversing light ................................................................................................ 446
轉向燈direction light ................................................................................................ 446
車牌燈license plate light ........................................................................................... 446
霧燈fog light ............................................................................................................. 446
前燈headlight；headlamp ........................................................................................ 446
遠光燈 main-beam headlight；high-beam headlight (USA) ; headlight；driving-beam目錄
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.................................................................................................................................... 447
近光燈 dipped-beam headlight；low-beam headlight (USA)；headlight；passing-beam .................................................................................................................................... 447
尾燈rear position light；tail light ............................................................................. 447
停車燈parking light；parking lamp ......................................................................... 447
倒車燈reversing light；backup light (USA) ............................................................ 447
煞車燈brake light；stop light ................................................................................... 447
方向指示燈direction indicator light；turn-signal light (USA) ................................ 447
第三煞車燈supplemental high mounted stop lamps for automobiles ...................... 447
轉向指示燈direction indicator light；turn-signal lamp ........................................... 447
封閉式頭燈組sealed beam lamp unit ....................................................................... 448
車寬燈clearance lamp；clearance light；side-marker light .................................... 448
海上和水路交通及船舶用燈 .................................................................................... 448
燈塔 lighthouse ......................................................................................................... 448
扇形燈光 sector light ................................................................................................ 448
定向燈光 direction light ........................................................................................... 448
定向標leading marks ................................................................................................ 448
導航標燈leading lights ............................................................................................. 448
船燈light vessel；lightship ....................................................................................... 448
照明浮標lighted buoy ............................................................................................... 449
橫向燈光lateral light ................................................................................................ 449
主燈光cardinal light .................................................................................................. 449
航海燈navigation light of a vessel ............................................................................ 449
桅杆頂燈mast-head light .......................................................................................... 449
側燈sidelight ............................................................................................................. 449
船尾燈stern light ....................................................................................................... 449
集魚燈fishing lamp；fishing light ........................................................................... 449
標稱範圍(海上信號燈) nominal range (of a maritime signal light) ......................... 450
11-5 特殊環境照明
防爆照明 .................................................................................................................... 451
防護燈具 protected luminaire ................................................................................... 451
防爆燈具luminaire for explosive atmosphere .......................................................... 451
耐壓防爆燈具 explosion proof luminaire (USA)；flameproof luminaire ............... 452
增安防爆燈具increased safety luminaire ................................................................. 453 目錄
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防水型照明 ................................................................................................................ 453
防水型照明器具water-proof luminaire .................................................................... 453
防滴型照明器具drip-proof luminaire；DP ............................................................. 453
防雨型照明器具rainproof luminaire；RP ............................................................... 453
防溼型照明燈具 vapour-proof luminaire；vaporproof luminaire........................... 453
防水沫型照明器具 splash-proof luminaire .............................................................. 454
防噴流型照明器具jet-proof luminaire；JP ............................................................. 454
耐水型照明器具deck watertight luminaire .............................................................. 454
防浸型照明器具 watertight luminaire；WT ........................................................... 454
水中型照明器具 pressure watertight luminaire ....................................................... 454
防塵照明 .................................................................................................................... 454
防塵燈具 dust-proof luminaire ................................................................................. 454
塵密型照明器具dust-tight luminaire ....................................................................... 455
空調照明器具air-handling luminaires ..................................................................... 455
防護玻璃protective glass .......................................................................................... 455
燈具防護罩luminaire guard ..................................................................................... 456
照相及攝影用燈 ........................................................................................................ 456
攝影室泛光照明studio floodlight ............................................................................ 456
攝影室特殊泛光照明special studio floodlight ........................................................ 456
效果投光燈effects projector ..................................................................................... 456
投影用燈泡 projection lamp ..................................................................................... 456
閃光燈photoflash lamp ............................................................................................. 456
攝影燈photoflood lamp ............................................................................................ 457
電子閃光燈electronic-flash lamp ............................................................................. 457
11-6 植物照明
光合成有效輻射Photosynthetically Active Radiation；PAR ................................. 458
光合成有效光子束 Photosynthetic Photon Flux；PPF ........................................... 458
光合作用光子通量密度Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density；PPFD .................... 459
光敏素Phytochrome ................................................................................................. 459
植物工廠 plant lighting ............................................................................................ 459
LED植物照明LED plant lighting ............................................................................ 460 目錄
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第十二章 永續照明
12-1 自然光照明
基本原理 .................................................................................................................... 461
光氣候 light climate .................................................................................................. 461
日光sunlight .............................................................................................................. 461
晝光 daylight ............................................................................................................. 461
日射 solar radiation ................................................................................................... 461
地球外的太陽輻射 extraterrestrial solar radiation ................................................... 461
太陽常數 solar constant ............................................................................................ 461
直接太陽輻射 direct solar radiation ......................................................................... 462
漫射天空輻射 diffuse sky radiation ......................................................................... 462
全天日射 global solar radiation ................................................................................ 462
全天水平輻射 global horizontal irradiance；Ee,g .................................................... 462
法線面太陽輻射 normal solar irradiance ................................................................. 463
法線面太陽輻射照度 normal solar illuminance；En.............................................. 463
反射全天日射reflected global solar radiation .......................................................... 463
天空輻射 sky radiation ............................................................................................. 463
大氣輻射 backward radiation ................................................................................... 463
地表輻射 terrestrial radiation ................................................................................... 463
天空光 skylight ......................................................................................................... 463
天空率 sky factor ...................................................................................................... 464
晝光率 daylight factor；D ....................................................................................... 464
晝光率的天空分量 sky component of daylight factor ............................................. 465
晝光率的外反射分量 externally reflected component of daylight factor................ 465
晝光率的內反射分量 internally reflected component of daylight factor ................ 465
直接晝光率 direct daylight factor ............................................................................ 465
間接晝光率 indirect daylight factor ......................................................................... 465
基準晝光率 standard daylight factor ........................................................................ 466
晝光照明區域 daylight illumination zone ................................................................ 466
直射日光照度 illumination by direct sunlight ......................................................... 467
全天空照度 illuminance from unobstructed sky ...................................................... 467
全晝光照度 global illuminance ................................................................................ 467
全晝光水平照度 global horizontal illuminance ....................................................... 468
室外臨界照度 exterior critical illuminance ............................................................. 468
CIE標準一般天空 CIE standard general sky .......................................................... 468
CIE標準晴天空 CIE standard clear sky .................................................................. 468
CIE標準陰天空 CIE standard overcast sky ............................................................. 469
天頂輝度 zenith luminance ...................................................................................... 469 目錄
晴天光 skylight from clear sky ................................................................................. 469
陰天光 skylight from overcast sky ........................................................................... 470
半陰天光 intermediate sky ....................................................................................... 470
陰天空光 uniform sky .............................................................................................. 470
自然天空輝光 natural sky glow ............................................................................... 470
日照時數 sunshine duration；S ............................................................................... 470
天文日照時數 astronomical sunshine duration ........................................................ 470
可能日照時數 possible sunshine duration ............................................................... 470
相對日照時數 relative sunshine duration ................................................................. 471
日照率 sunlight constant ........................................................................................... 471
大氣透射率 atmospheric transmissivity；T ............................................................ 471
混濁係數 turbidity factor；T ................................................................................... 471
天空輝度 sky brightness ........................................................................................... 471
立體角投射法 unit-sphere method for illuminance calculation ............................... 471
立體角投射率 configuration factor .......................................................................... 472
總雲量 total cloud amount ........................................................................................ 472
採光 ............................................................................................................................ 472
開口率 opening ratio ................................................................................................. 472
側窗採光 side lighting；lateral lighting ................................................................... 472
高側窗採光 high side lighting .................................................................................. 473
天窗採光 top lighting；sky lighting ........................................................................ 474
光井 light well........................................................................................................... 474
頂側窗採光top side lighting ..................................................................................... 475
鋸齒屋面採光 saw-tooth roof lighting ..................................................................... 475
凸屋頂採光 monitor roof lighting ............................................................................ 476
底光採光 bottom lighting ......................................................................................... 476
導光管light pipe ; hollow light guide ....................................................................... 477
金屬導光管metal light guide .................................................................................... 477
多層導光管multi-layer light guide ........................................................................... 478
棱柱體導光管prism light guide ............................................................................... 478
光導出器light extractor (of a hollow light guide) .................................................... 478
光導入器light injector (of a hollow light guide) ...................................................... 478
日照鏡 sun mirror；heliostat ................................................................................... 478
頂光方式採光solar tube type daylighting ................................................................ 478
管道方式採光duct type daylighting ......................................................................... 478
光纖方式採光fiber type daylighting ........................................................................ 478
建築化方式採光architeture type daylighting ........................................................... 479 目錄
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導光板 light shelves .................................................................................................. 479
12-2 綠色照明
照明經濟 .................................................................................................................... 480
照明經濟lighting economics .................................................................................... 480
回收年限payback period .......................................................................................... 480
生命週期成本效益分析life-cycle cost-benefit analysis (LCCBA) ......................... 480
每年成本等值法equivalent annual cost method ...................................................... 480
整體現值法 total present value method .................................................................... 480
照明節能 .................................................................................................................... 481
綠色照明green light .................................................................................................. 481
二氧化碳電力排放係數CO2 emission rate of electricity consumption ................... 482
照明能源消費係數 coefficient of energy consumption for lighting；CEC/L ......... 482
照明功率密度 lighting power density；LPD .......................................................... 483
電力光束消耗量electric luminous flux consumption；ELFC ................................ 485
電力需量控制 demand control ................................................................................. 485
照明熱負荷 lighting heat load .................................................................................. 485
維護管理 .................................................................................................................... 486
照明管理 lighting management ................................................................................ 486
照明維護計畫 planned lighting maintenance ........................................................... 486
更換光源 relamping .................................................................................................. 486
個別更換光源 spot relamping .................................................................................. 486
整批更換光源 group relamping ............................................................................... 486
混合式更換光源mixed relamping ............................................................................ 487
定期清潔 periodic cleaning；panned cleaning ........................................................ 487
等照度間隔維護計畫equilux interval maintenance programme ............................. 488
均等間隔維護計畫equi-interval maintenance programme ...................................... 488
12-3 智慧照明
基本原理 .................................................................................................................... 489
智慧照明系統 intelligent lighting system ................................................................ 489
照明監控伺服器 lighting control and monitoring server ......................................... 489
照明監控閘道器 lighting control gateway ............................................................... 489
照明控制場域 lighting field ..................................................................................... 489
傳輸網路network ...................................................................................................... 489
廣域網路 wide-area network .................................................................................... 489 目錄
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場域網路field-area network ..................................................................................... 489
通訊模組 communication module ............................................................................ 490
通訊協定 protocol .................................................................................................... 490
通訊位址 communication addressing ....................................................................... 490
感測器 sensor............................................................................................................ 490
無線數傳zigbee ........................................................................................................ 490
電力線通訊技術 power line communication；PLC ................................................ 490
照明控制 .................................................................................................................... 490
照明控制 lighting control ......................................................................................... 490
手動控制 manual controls ........................................................................................ 491
照明自動化 lighting automation .............................................................................. 492
點滅控制 on-off control ........................................................................................... 492
調光控制 dimming control ....................................................................................... 492
調光器 dimmer ......................................................................................................... 493
局部光環境控制 local lighting control .................................................................... 494
場景控制 scene control ............................................................................................. 494
類比控制 analog 0-10v control................................................................................. 494
二線式系統；二線式控制two way system;two-wire control ................................. 495
中央控制系統 central control systems ..................................................................... 495
數位控制digital control ............................................................................................ 495
數位化定址式照明介面 Digital Addressable Lighting Interface；DALI ............... 496
DALI控制器 DALI controller ................................................................................. 496
建築自動化通訊協定BACnet .................................................................................. 497
數據多路器 Digital Multiplexer with 512 pieces of information；DMX512 ......... 497
工作調整 task tuning ................................................................................................ 497
人員感知控制 occupancy control;occupancy recognition ....................................... 497
晝光控制 daylighting harvesting；daylighting control；photosensor dimming；photosensor switching ................................................................................................ 499
時序控制scheduling control；time control .............................................................. 500
光電式自動點滅器 photoelectric control ................................................................. 501
線性偵測器linear detector ........................................................................................ 501
12-4 健康照明
基本概念 .................................................................................................................... 502
健康照明health lighting ............................................................................................ 502
光生物學 photobiological ......................................................................................... 502
光生物安全性photobiological safety ....................................................................... 502 目錄
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紫外危害 ultraviolet light damage ............................................................................ 503
藍光危害 blue light hazard ....................................................................................... 503
無頻閃照明 non flicker lighting ............................................................................... 503
無電磁輻射光源non electromagnetic radiation light ............................................... 503
無紫外線輻射光源non ultraviolet radiation light .................................................... 504
有害輻射 pernicious radiation .................................................................................. 504
劑量dose (of optical radiation of specified spectral distribution) ............................. 504
有效劑量effective dose ............................................................................................ 504
光化學劑量actinic dose ............................................................................................ 504
最小紅斑照射量 minimum erythema dose；MED ................................................. 505
劑量率 dose rate ....................................................................................................... 505
劑量反應曲線 dose response curve .......................................................................... 505
暴露時間 exposure duration；duration of exposure；texp ..................................... 505
暴露限制exposure limit；HL ................................................................................... 505
光輻射治療light radiation treatment ........................................................................ 505
光療法light therapy .................................................................................................. 506
褪黑激素荷爾蒙melatonin hormone ........................................................................ 506
視覺障礙；視覺損傷 visual impairments ............................................................... 506
模擬感光化學效應 artificially induced actinic effect .............................................. 507
生物光學 photobiology ............................................................................................ 507
病理光學 photopathology ......................................................................................... 507
光照光學 phototherapy ............................................................................................. 507
日光療法 heliotherapy .............................................................................................. 507
紅斑 erythema ........................................................................................................... 507
紅斑輻射 erythemal radiation ................................................................................... 507
E維東 E-Viton ......................................................................................................... 507
曬斑 sunburn；solar dermatitis ................................................................................ 507
曬黑 suntan ............................................................................................................... 508
生物節律 biological rhythm ..................................................................................... 508
光週期 photoperiod .................................................................................................. 508
光週期現象 photoperiodism ..................................................................................... 508
紫外線的殺菌效果 germicidal effect of a ultraviolet radiation ............................... 508
維他命D生成 vitamin D production ....................................................................... 509
紫外線燈 ultraviolet lamp ........................................................................................ 509
殺菌燈 germicidal lamp；bactericidal lamp ............................................................ 509
健康線Dorno ultraviolet radiation ............................................................................ 510
健康線用螢光燈 fluorescent sunlamp ...................................................................... 510
太陽燈 sunlamp ........................................................................................................ 510 目錄
全天紫外線指數 global UV index ........................................................................... 510
紅斑作用光譜 erythema action spectrum ................................................................. 511
紅斑光譜加權函數erythema spectral weighting function ....................................... 511
標準紅斑劑量standard erythema dose ..................................................................... 511
光線黄斑症photic maculopathy；photoretinitis ...................................................... 511
視網膜灼傷retinal burn ............................................................................................ 511
視網膜危害光譜帶retinal hazard spectral region .................................................... 511
視網膜熱傷害retinal thermal injury ......................................................................... 511
視網膜熱危害光譜加權函數retinal thermal hazard spectral weighting function ... 512
防曬係數sun ptotection factor；Fsp ......................................................................... 512
防紫外線係數ultraviolet ptotection factor；Fuvp ..................................................... 512
殺菌輻射bactericidal radiation ................................................................................. 512
滅菌輻射germicidal radiation................................................................................... 512
高齡者照明 ................................................................................................................ 512
老年人照明 senior lighting ....................................................................................... 512
老年人視覺特性 vision characteristic for the elderly .............................................. 512
老年人照明考慮因素 lighting considerations for the elderly .................................. 512
低視力照明 lighting for persons with low vision ..................................................... 513
視網膜病變照明lighting for persons with retinal dysfunction ................................ 513
約定視網膜照度conventional retinal illuminance ................................................... 514
12-5 環保課題
光污染 ........................................................................................................................ 515
光害；光污染 light pollution ................................................................................... 516
室外照明的光污染 light pollution from exterior lighting........................................ 516
干擾光 obtrusive light ............................................................................................... 516
溢散光spill light........................................................................................................ 516
反射光reflected light ................................................................................................ 517
天空輝光；天空光 sky glow ................................................................................... 517
人造天空光 man-made sky glow ............................................................................. 517
向上光束比upward light output ratio ; upward light ratio ....................................... 517
光侵擾 light trespass ................................................................................................. 517
減燈時間；宵禁 curfew ........................................................................................... 517
雜亂光light clutter .................................................................................................... 518
過度照明 over-illumination ...................................................................................... 518
環境區域environment zones..................................................................................... 518
參考位置reference location ...................................................................................... 518 目錄
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參考點reference point ............................................................................................... 518
相關邊界relevant boundary (of a residential property) ............................................ 518
碳足跡 ........................................................................................................................ 518
碳足跡 carbon footprint ............................................................................................ 518
個人碳足跡 individual carbon footprint ................................................................... 519
產品碳足跡 product carbon footprint ....................................................................... 519
企業碳足跡 organisation carbon footprint ............................................................... 519
國家碳足跡 nation carbon footprint ......................................................................... 519
碳中和 carbon neutrality ........................................................................................... 519
碳交易 ........................................................................................................................ 520
碳權 carbon credit ..................................................................................................... 520
生命週期評估 Life Cycle Assessment；LCA ......................................................... 520
生命週期盤查分析 life cycle inventory analysis；LCI........................................... 520
生命週期衝擊評估 life cycle impact assessment；LCIA ....................................... 521
生命週期闡釋 life cycle interpretation ..................................................................... 521
環境衝擊 .................................................................................................................... 521
環境衝擊Environmental Impact ............................................................................... 521
環境管理系統 Environmental Management System；EMS ................................... 521
能源使用產品生態化設計指令 directive of eco-design requirements of energy-using products；EuP ........................................................................................................... 522
廢電子電機設備指令 waste electrical and electronic equipment directive ............. 522
危害性物質限制指令 restriction of hazardous substances directive；RoHS ......... 522
廢燈管回收 waste lamp recycling ............................................................................ 523
多氯聯苯polychlorinated biphenyl；PCB ............................................................... 523
安定器處理Ballast disposal ...................................................................................... 523
標章制度 .................................................................................................................... 523
環保標章green mark .......................................... 523
節能標章 energy label ............................................... 524
綠建築標章 green building label ................................... 524
智慧建築標章 intelligent building label............................... 525

第一章 照明的基礎
1-1 光的基本用語
光 light......................1
波長 wavelength；λ.........................1
波數 wave number；σ......................2
頻率 frequency....................................................2
不可見光 invisible radiation........................................2
紫外線 ultraviolet radiation；UV.............................................2
近紫外線 near ultraviolet radiation；UV-A........................................3
中紫外線 middle ultraviol...