Designed for a two-semester, introductory course for graduate students in the social sciences, this text illustrates how to use R to apply both standard and modern methods to correct known problems with classic techniques. Numerous illustrations provide a conceptual basis for understanding why practical problems with classic methods were missed for so many years, and why modern techniques have practical value. The second edition will add coverage of advances in regression, such as new insights regarding smoothers. New results on comparing medians would be included and quite a few improvements relevant to ANCOVA will be added. In addition, new R functions will be described.