周易平解

序·················································································································一一
論《易》之構成························································································一五
一、《易》之閱讀法····················································································一五
二、《易》之為書與六爻體例·······································································一八
三、《易》之斷語·······················································································二二
四、《易》爻辭修正····················································································二四
五、《易》一書構成之猜想··········································································二九
六、《易》卦旨結構····················································································三０
七、《易》意象與道理之美··········································································四三
八、孔子是否明白《易》············································································四六

《易》之哲學與世界··················································································五０
一、《易》之哲學向度·················································································五０
變易與存有···················································································五三
素樸之二元世界：人與處境···························································五八
二、《易》斷語之存在觀·············································································六五
亨································································································六六
貞································································································六七
吉凶·····························································································七０
艱厲·····························································································七一
咎································································································七六
悔································································································七八
吝································································································八一
三、《易》六十四卦之世界觀·······································································八三
四、《易》世界至善境界·············································································九五

《易》卦解讀····························································································一０九
一：個體存在之本···················································································一一一
乾    上達之德············································································一一一
坤    承輔之德···········································································一一六
屯    生命之序············································································一二二
蒙    蒙昧··················································································一二七

二：現實存在基本事實············································································一三五
需    求索··················································································一三五
訟    爭訟··················································································一四一
師    軍事··················································································一四六
比    結盟、結合·········································································一五一
小畜  貧窮···················································································一五五
履    行作、為事··········································································一六一
泰    安定··················································································一六六
否    否定·················································································一七二
同人  人和···················································································一七七
大有  國家豐盛富有·····································································一八二

三：現實存在中與人有關面相··································································一八六
謙    謙虛··················································································一八六
豫    逸豫、安閑·········································································一九一
隨    追隨（順人）·····································································一九六
蠱    匡正（逆人）·····································································二００
臨    臨視···················································································二０五
觀    觀見···················································································二一０
噬嗑  欲望···················································································二一六
賁    文飾與文化表現·································································二二二
剝    腐敗··················································································二二七
復    道之復還············································································二三二
无妄  無虛妄而真實·····································································二三七
大畜  富有···················································································二四三

四：現實存在好壞與意義·········································································二四八
頤    養生··················································································二四八
大過  太過···················································································二五四
坎    低陷處境············································································二五八
離    離別··················································································二六二
咸    感動、感受·········································································二六六
恒    恒常、持守·········································································二七三
遯    潛隱··················································································二八一
大壯  強勇···················································································二八七
晉    得位、得勢·········································································二九二
明夷  晦中求明············································································二九七
家人  家······················································································三０二
睽    背離···················································································三０六
蹇    災難··················································································三一二
解    解、釋···············································································三一六
損    損益··················································································三二一
益    贈益··················································································三二七

五：前各內容之（終極性）總結······························································三三三
夬    明察··················································································三三三
姤    表象與假象········································································三四０
萃    不得志···············································································三四七
升    求上進···············································································三五二
困    困限··················································································三五七
井    生活之經營········································································三六四
革    改變··················································································三六九
鼎    國家政權與治理·································································三七四
震    震撼··················································································三七八
艮    背向（人不知）··································································三八三
漸    女性之人生·······································································三八九
歸妹  婚嫁··················································································三九五
豐    豐榮··················································································四００
旅    戰事··················································································四０六
巽    憂戚··················································································四一０
兌    喜悅··················································································四一五
渙    耗盡··················································································四二０
節    節制··················································································四二四
中孚  心懷···················································································四三０
小過  過失···················································································四三六
既濟  有成···················································································四四一
未濟  未有成···············································································四四七


 

序

　　《易》似難解，原因有二：一由被視為占卜之言、二因傳統把《易》文辭只關連於如雷風山澤等卦象閱讀，鮮從文辭本身理解。因卦象非一有意義系統，如此關連只使文辭意思更加晦隱，不會致於明朗。《易》書寫法純然意象，與卦象及占卜無關。若從意象閱讀，《易》意想不到地精彩，亦單純為道理之書。雖如此遠古，然始終系統並平實地理性，絲毫無所晦澀。

　　《易》道理切入點為個體自身，非後來經學及儒學傳統人性之道，不過，作為道理，始終與後者一致。道理本身無窮盡，《易》《詩》《書》《論》《孟》只作者從生命相關體驗，以各自方式把道理構架為一完整系統作品。我們可想像，面對當今西方思想影響下之世界，實可再有一對道理完整之論述；作為道理雖千古一致，然觀點立場之改變使其將為獨立作品。當然，能達至完整而系統實不易，亦道理能成為經所以困難之原因。更難的是，這些作者都不希望以道理強人，故都間接表述：《易》以意象、《詩》以詩、《書》以事、《論語》以語錄、《孟子》以故事，達成其對道理構架之隱藏，此其所以深邃。道理因本無窮，若非構架，無以成作品，此作品共通之道。差別只在，是對道理構架，抑只是對個人思想或事實構架，如此而已。

　　我常問自己，人類思想究竟應怎樣運用？若從神之圓善作為起點，自必可構架出一世界圖象，同樣地，以一現實事實為起點，若具備嚴謹推理及理解力，亦可構架出另一幅圖象。但人類應如此思想？正如見世界現實之惡而求諸公平正義，這樣訴求自必正確。但作為道理或思想，這已足夠？以刑罰對立邪惡，若這能有所真實，那人類刻意對禁限越度之心又怎樣解釋？道理非能由惡而明白，更需其他努力。思想亦不能止於為體系之洞見，更應以道理真實為本。我很喜愛並感動於孟子〈離婁上〉最後兩章，一從仁義禮智之實、另一從舜為天子角度，討論：若天下太平、存在已達其極致，那時，仁義禮智將是甚麼、有怎樣的用？同樣，作為天子之舜，那時又會作甚麼？…… 甚麼才是真正道理？若社會再無不公義，公平正義仍是道理嗎？此時是否有更重要、更為真實的價值？我們之被現實與時代困限、只知面對不公義，這一切看似對當，但這就是道理或代表我們自己已真實無妄？針對特殊現象而作之系統思想與觀法已為真正價值或真理？思想應作怎樣努力？中國古代所教人道理是在這樣意義下而真確，再非困限於時代或現實。對抗惡當然勇敢，但若人類再無惡而能純然自由無規限時，人類究竟能達至怎樣最高善與境界？這始是中國精神真正所在。道理對我而言顛撲不破，亦人生命真正成就。唯藉道理，人始能不受限於時代。

　　能從《易》再次體會此點，對我而言萬幸。甚至，在寫作過程中能與如此遠古心靈接觸，見人心真誠如一，這是生命難得之意義。《易》每一字、每一意象，在明白後都深深打動我，無法想像何以道理能如此以純粹意象表達，這是在詩意象外，古人境界匪夷所思所在。