【一句話推介】
《周易》非占卜之書,六十四卦構建個體與環境之完整體系,吉凶悔吝蘊含對人平實之教誨。
【內容簡介】
本書分為兩部分。第一部分總論《易經》的構成,與其中蘊含的哲學觀點。第二部分按個體存在之本、現實存在基本事實、現實存在中與人有關面相、現實存在好壞與意義、以上內容之終極性總結五個層次劃分六十四卦並逐個解讀。
作者簡介:
譚家哲,1976年畢業於香港中文大學哲學系,大學期間受業於牟宗三先生。1982年獲巴黎第一大學哲學研究所現代思想體系史部哲學史博士學位。作者多年隱居授業,以著述與文本之微細分析為志,盡力於東西方思想之根源與價值重訂,亦曾任教於東海大學哲學系。著有《形上史論》、《論語與中國思想研究》、《孟子平解》等書。
作者序
序
《易》似難解,原因有二:一由被視為占卜之言、二因傳統把《易》文辭只關連於如雷風山澤等卦象閱讀,鮮從文辭本身理解。因卦象非一有意義系統,如此關連只使文辭意思更加晦隱,不會致於明朗。《易》書寫法純然意象,與卦象及占卜無關。若從意象閱讀,《易》意想不到地精彩,亦單純為道理之書。雖如此遠古,然始終系統並平實地理性,絲毫無所晦澀。
《易》道理切入點為個體自身,非後來經學及儒學傳統人性之道,不過,作為道理,始終與後者一致。道理本身無窮盡,《易》《詩》《書》《論》《孟》只作者從生命相關體驗,以各自方式把道理構架為一完整系統作品。我們可想像,面對當今西方思想影響下之世界,實可再有一對道理完整之論述;作為道理雖千古一致,然觀點立場之改變使其將為獨立作品。當然,能達至完整而系統實不易,亦道理能成為經所以困難之原因。更難的是,這些作者都不希望以道理強人,故都間接表述:《易》以意象、《詩》以詩、《書》以事、《論語》以語錄、《孟子》以故事,達成其對道理構架之隱藏,此其所以深邃。道理因本無窮,若非構架,無以成作品,此作品共通之道。差別只在,是對道理構架,抑只是對個人思想或事實構架,如此而已。
我常問自己,人類思想究竟應怎樣運用?若從神之圓善作為起點,自必可構架出一世界圖象,同樣地,以一現實事實為起點,若具備嚴謹推理及理解力,亦可構架出另一幅圖象。但人類應如此思想?正如見世界現實之惡而求諸公平正義,這樣訴求自必正確。但作為道理或思想,這已足夠?以刑罰對立邪惡,若這能有所真實,那人類刻意對禁限越度之心又怎樣解釋?道理非能由惡而明白,更需其他努力。思想亦不能止於為體系之洞見,更應以道理真實為本。我很喜愛並感動於孟子〈離婁上〉最後兩章,一從仁義禮智之實、另一從舜為天子角度,討論:若天下太平、存在已達其極致,那時,仁義禮智將是甚麼、有怎樣的用?同樣,作為天子之舜,那時又會作甚麼?…… 甚麼才是真正道理?若社會再無不公義,公平正義仍是道理嗎?此時是否有更重要、更為真實的價值?我們之被現實與時代困限、只知面對不公義,這一切看似對當,但這就是道理或代表我們自己已真實無妄?針對特殊現象而作之系統思想與觀法已為真正價值或真理?思想應作怎樣努力?中國古代所教人道理是在這樣意義下而真確,再非困限於時代或現實。對抗惡當然勇敢,但若人類再無惡而能純然自由無規限時,人類究竟能達至怎樣最高善與境界?這始是中國精神真正所在。道理對我而言顛撲不破,亦人生命真正成就。唯藉道理,人始能不受限於時代。
能從《易》再次體會此點,對我而言萬幸。甚至,在寫作過程中能與如此遠古心靈接觸,見人心真誠如一,這是生命難得之意義。《易》每一字、每一意象,在明白後都深深打動我,無法想像何以道理能如此以純粹意象表達,這是在詩意象外,古人境界匪夷所思所在。
序
《易》似難解,原因有二:一由被視為占卜之言、二因傳統把《易》文辭只關連於如雷風山澤等卦象閱讀,鮮從文辭本身理解。因卦象非一有意義系統,如此關連只使文辭意思更加晦隱,不會致於明朗。《易》書寫法純然意象,與卦象及占卜無關。若從意象閱讀,《易》意想不到地精彩,亦單純為道理之書。雖如此遠古,然始終系統並平實地理性,絲毫無所晦澀。
《易》道理切入點為個體自身,非後來經學及儒學傳統人性之道,不過,作為道理,始終與後者一致。道理本身無窮盡,《易》《詩》《書》《論》《孟》只作者從生命相關體驗,以各自方式把道理...
目錄
序·················································································································一一
論《易》之構成························································································一五
一、《易》之閱讀法····················································································一五
二、《易》之為書與六爻體例·······································································一八
三、《易》之斷語·······················································································二二
四、《易》爻辭修正····················································································二四
五、《易》一書構成之猜想··········································································二九
六、《易》卦旨結構····················································································三0
七、《易》意象與道理之美··········································································四三
八、孔子是否明白《易》············································································四六
《易》之哲學與世界··················································································五0
一、《易》之哲學向度·················································································五0
變易與存有···················································································五三
素樸之二元世界:人與處境···························································五八
二、《易》斷語之存在觀·············································································六五
亨································································································六六
貞································································································六七
吉凶·····························································································七0
艱厲·····························································································七一
咎································································································七六
悔································································································七八
吝································································································八一
三、《易》六十四卦之世界觀·······································································八三
四、《易》世界至善境界·············································································九五
《易》卦解讀····························································································一0九
一:個體存在之本···················································································一一一
乾 上達之德············································································一一一
坤 承輔之德···········································································一一六
屯 生命之序············································································一二二
蒙 蒙昧··················································································一二七
二:現實存在基本事實············································································一三五
需 求索··················································································一三五
訟 爭訟··················································································一四一
師 軍事··················································································一四六
比 結盟、結合·········································································一五一
小畜 貧窮···················································································一五五
履 行作、為事··········································································一六一
泰 安定··················································································一六六
否 否定·················································································一七二
同人 人和···················································································一七七
大有 國家豐盛富有·····································································一八二
三:現實存在中與人有關面相··································································一八六
謙 謙虛··················································································一八六
豫 逸豫、安閑·········································································一九一
隨 追隨(順人)·····································································一九六
蠱 匡正(逆人)·····································································二00
臨 臨視···················································································二0五
觀 觀見···················································································二一0
噬嗑 欲望···················································································二一六
賁 文飾與文化表現·································································二二二
剝 腐敗··················································································二二七
復 道之復還············································································二三二
无妄 無虛妄而真實·····································································二三七
大畜 富有···················································································二四三
四:現實存在好壞與意義·········································································二四八
頤 養生··················································································二四八
大過 太過···················································································二五四
坎 低陷處境············································································二五八
離 離別··················································································二六二
咸 感動、感受·········································································二六六
恒 恒常、持守·········································································二七三
遯 潛隱··················································································二八一
大壯 強勇···················································································二八七
晉 得位、得勢·········································································二九二
明夷 晦中求明············································································二九七
家人 家······················································································三0二
睽 背離···················································································三0六
蹇 災難··················································································三一二
解 解、釋···············································································三一六
損 損益··················································································三二一
益 贈益··················································································三二七
五:前各內容之(終極性)總結······························································三三三
夬 明察··················································································三三三
姤 表象與假象········································································三四0
萃 不得志···············································································三四七
升 求上進···············································································三五二
困 困限··················································································三五七
井 生活之經營········································································三六四
革 改變··················································································三六九
鼎 國家政權與治理·································································三七四
震 震撼··················································································三七八
艮 背向(人不知)··································································三八三
漸 女性之人生·······································································三八九
歸妹 婚嫁··················································································三九五
豐 豐榮··················································································四00
旅 戰事··················································································四0六
巽 憂戚··················································································四一0
兌 喜悅··················································································四一五
渙 耗盡··················································································四二0
節 節制··················································································四二四
中孚 心懷···················································································四三0
小過 過失···················································································四三六
既濟 有成···················································································四四一
未濟 未有成···············································································四四七
序·················································································································一一
論《易》之構成························································································一五
一、《易》之閱讀法···························...