Azizifar

Quality, in the context of manufacturing, refers to the degree to which a product or process conforms to established requirements, customer expectations, and regulatory standards. It is no longer limited to mere inspection of end products but is integrated into every aspect of the production lifecycle-from design and procurement to assembly and delivery. According to Juran (1999), quality is ＂fitness for use,＂ implying that a product must satisfy intended functions under specified conditions. Similarly, ISO 9000:2015 defines quality as ＂the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of an object fulfills requirements＂ (ISO, 2015).