The second part of the monograph "Color and Painting" (the first part was published in 2021) is devoted to further consideration of color problems related to painting. The first part discussed the following issues - basic ideas about color, colorimetric color, interaction of light with matter, subject color, color of the paint layer. In the second part - perception of brightness and color, color of nature, aesthetic properties of the image, painting technique. In particular - color phenomena in plein air conditions, including color adaptation of the eye, were considered in detail. In all cases the color science aspect of the question was emphasized. The book is aimed primarily at artists (including amateurs), but will be useful to all those interested in the problem of color, as the presentation is conducted on a modern scientific level.