Gachigua Mungai

In particular, this book examines Maslow’s hierarchy of need, Herzberg’s two-factor, McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y, McClelland’s 3 needs, and Alderfer’s ERG content theories of motivation. In addition, equity, expectancy and goal-setting process theories of motivation have been examined. Skinner’s reinforcement theory has also been discussed due to its focus on how behaviour can be reinforced. Finally, other contemporary motivation theories analyzed include self-determination, employee/job engagement, and self-efficacy. The theories’ managerial application, implications, advantages, criticisms and disadvantages have been discussed. The book also addresses various sources of motivation and specific motivation strategies and techniques. These strategies and techniques include redesigning jobs, creating and promoting scheduling flexibility, empowering employees, instituting effective reward and recognition systems, giving immediate feedback, providing career and educational development opportunities, encouraging breaks and physical activity, encouraging employee input and creativity (employee involvement/participation), and enhancing the social and physical context of work.