This book probes the resourcefulness and consequences in the monitoring of biodiversity challenges and implementation of its measures. It covers wide range of ecological studies compelling of both terrestrial and aquatic diversity. This book is intended to meet the knowledge and aspects related to biological diversity, comprehensively covering the various concepts of conservation dealing with general to specific aspects of the discipline as such the status of biodiversity in India. The book is edited in the most scientific way with numerous research articles and case studies of specific issues. The book is organized in way that exposes the reader in logical succession to the full gamut of complex, scientific, legal and technical aspects of biodiversity conservation. The topics covered in the book are climate change, Karyo-Systematic, plant genetics, biodiversity, phytoplanktons, conservation strategies and other related allied and applied aspects. Each and every chapter has been written by experts with experience in the topic being presented with recent case studies and relevant objectives. This book will serve the purpose of researchers, students, teachers, conservationist, and environmentalist to understand the various segments of environment and to make them aware about recent advances in this heat warming stream.