The success of a development project is based on the theory of systems conceived as a set of elements (the different services) organized together in order to achieve a common goal. The system presents, at its different levels, properties that are qualified as "necessary". This theory is hardly respected in the elaboration and implementation of large development projects in developing countries and particularly in Cameroon. Our study therefore aims to understand why, despite their importance and the stakes involved, these initiatives to set up a development project in the rural sector regularly end in failure. To do so, we have collected historical data on rural development projects in order to identify the problems related to this failure. Field surveys were used to gauge the potential problems faced by some project stakeholders.