"Nanoscale technology refers to our ability to utilize our understanding of nanoscale science to fabricate products with new properties and capabilities. The semiconductor industry utilizes electron and optical lithography techniques to fabricate integrated circuits with billions of nanometer-size features on 8-inch silicon wafers (so-called "top-down" technology). Now scientists have learned to manipulate individual molecules or fabricate nanowires and connect them for information processing (so-called "bottom-up" technology). These technologies will have a dramatic effect on future advances in medicine, biology, and energy, as well as in materials science, semiconductor devices and computer technology."--