◎ The set of 4 books points out the systemic differences between Chinese and English language and is packed with specific explanations, clear-cut examples and useful suggestions that can be used to write grammatically correct English with immediate effect.
◎ aim at helping Chinese ESL intermediate-level learners to learn the distilled essence of English grammar with colourful diagrams and lots of examples
◎ illustrate major grammar rules in manageable pieces to enhance learning
◎ demonstrate the detailed requirements and skills for forming words, phrases, sentences as well as paragraphs
◎ provide a comprehensive guide to writing good English essays easily
ESL English Grammar Prescriptions is a set of 4 books from Book A to D and these “prescriptions” provided within are a collection of grammatical rules, explanations, examples and suggestions on the usage of English. The set of books is not intended to teach the language but skills to learn the language, providing the scaffolding necessary for readers to build up their language competence by themselves. The books are designed as easy reference materials and each of the books is made up of two sections, so there are eight sections altogether. Each section on points of grammar begins with the checklists of what learners are going to learn, followed by some useful rules, and examples to enhance understanding. The definitions and discussions are not exhaustive; they can be treated as rules of thumb and mnemonic stimuli.
In Section 1 of Book A, a global picture of the basis of English grammatical structures and systemic differences between the target language and Chinese language is presented. When learning a second language with insufficient language exposure or immersion, one has to be trained to develop competence and then be able to apply it and create responses in an infinite number of new ways. So, this is about how learners are capable of using the target language to express their ideas and thoughts. Their competence is defined by the grammar, or set of language rules, that is represented mentally and established based on his or her own understanding of acceptable usage in a given linguistic context. The core components of the grammar are included in the learner’s linguistic competence and these components relates to the four subfields: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax and Semantics.
Developed from the concept of these four subfields, Section 2 to 7 provide explanations and prescriptions for those who really want quickly enhance their English language skills. Details of grammar items are explained in terms of letter, word, phrase, clause, sentence, paragraph and other requirements of an essay, from the smallest unit developing progressively to the largest element of an essay. The final Section 8 keeps a glossary of some grammatical terms, a list of analogical figures used and the suggested answers to the essay analysis. As the characteristic of English grammar is that to fully understand one term, learners need to also know what the other terms mean, thus they could opt to familiarize themselves with the terms and figures before reading Section 1 to 7. All in all, improving one’s grammar skills will give one a boost of confidence as one find oneself reading and writing with ease.
Nikki Wong was born in 1961 and raised in a tiny flat like most Hongkongers during those days. She left Hong Kong and studied English and Business Studies in the UK immediately after graduating from secondary school. When she returned to Hong Kong, she worked in succession several jobs such as being a sales representative, a librarian, a police officer and an assistant departmental secretary for the Hong Kong Treasury Department. Afterwards, she operated her own trading company for around 9 years before moving to Canada with her sons. There she worked as a teaching assistant at her sons’ school and at an adult learning centre helping new immigrants.
Upon returning to Hong Kong, she worked to realize her dream to be an English teacher, so she studied for a Bachelor of Education full-time degree program at the University of Hong Kong, graduating in 2007 after 4 years of study and practice. During this time, she taught part-time at a private tutoring centre to fund her university degree as well as to earn some work experience in this field. Later on, she became a full-time English teacher at a local secondary school and taught English and Career and Life Skills for 5 years. In 2012, she obtained her Masters degree in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) and started teaching university English courses at the LiPACE of the Open University of Hong Kong until present.
目錄
Book A: WORD
Section 1: A Holistic View
I. English Grammar
II. Learning English from 3 Perspectives
III. Golden Rules to Remember
IV. The Birth of an English Essay
Section 2: The Creation of a Word
I. Word Formation
II. Phonology – Letters & Sounds
III. Morphology – Parts of a Word
IV. Various Ways to Make a Word
V. Word Classes
Book B: PHRASE
Section 3: The Concept of Phrases
I. What is a Phrase?
II. The Integral Phrases
III. The Additional Phrases
IV. The Verbal Phrases
Section 4: To Form A Main Clause
I. Basic Concepts – the 4 Big Groups
II. Active or Passive Voice
III. What is a Complete Sentence?
IV. Modification
V. Details of Each Constituent
Book C: CLAUSE
Section 5: The Sentence Structures
I. Three General Types
II. Samples of 5 Basic Clause Patterns
III. Simple Sentence Structure Analysis
IV. Dependent / Subordinate Clauses
V. Review of Sentential Elements
Section 6: Different Grammatical Moods & Other Requirements
I. Writing Sentence
II. Two Categories of Questions
III. Other requirements within a Clause
IV. Different Grammatical Moods
V. Modification of a Clause
VI. Different Sentence Functions
VII. Capitalization & Punctuation
Book D: ESSAY
Section 7: Final Stage of an Essay
I. Constituents of an Essay
II. Writing Paragraph
III. The Process of Writing
IV. Different Genres
V. Proof-reading Essay
VI. Consolidation
Section 8: Appendixes
I. Glossary of Grammatical Terms
II. Analogical Figures
III. Suggested Answers
Learning English for 40 odd years has given me the valuable knowledge, inspirations and eagerness to improve further as well as to make the study of this second language easier for my fellow students. Being an English as a second language (ESL) learner myself, I strongly recommend students to learn Phonics so as to build up their own vocabulary bank and articulate their speech accurately. As for English grammar, they should learn the construction system and read extensively to gain the necessary skills.
The task of constructing error-free English is complex and we should not underestimate the systemic differences between Chinese and English. For writers whose first language is not English, the tendency to draw on grammatical and lexical patterns from the first language makes the avoidance of error even more a matter of careful attention to detail. In order to write grammatical correct English, it is important to be able to recognize the basic differences in the characteristics of Chinese and English that may lead to confusion.
It was with these thoughts in mind that I took to writing a simplified English grammar reference book with lots of pictographs and explanations as well as examples to elucidate the complex usage of the language and provide a holistic view of its grammar formation. To begin with, I provide the ‘global’ picture of the basis English and its grammatical system for readers to get familiar with and to freshen up their existing knowledge so that they feel secured before proceeding to more complicated structures. I mean to lead readers to grow little by little and phase by phase towards the ultimate pragmatic goal – writing.